EXAM II- From the Terror to Napoleon I

• Republic of Virtue

Robespierre’s vision of a moral, republican society guided by civic virtue during the Revolution.

• Levee en Masse

mass conscription of French citizens to defend the nation during the Revolutionary Wars.

• Constitution of the Year VII

document establishing the Consulate, making Napoleon First Consul and ending the Revolution.

• Civil Code (1804)

Napoleon’s law code standardizing French laws — emphasized property rights and equality before the law.

• Concordat of 1801

agreement between Napoleon and the Pope restoring the Catholic Church in France under state control.

• Concordat of 1801

agreement between Napoleon and the Pope restoring Catholicism in France under state control.

• Civil Code (1804)

Napoleon’s legal code standardizing laws — promoted property rights, equality before the law, and patriarchal authority.

• Trafalgar (1805)

naval defeat of Napoleon by Britain, ensuring British control of the seas.

• Jena (1806)

Napoleon’s victory over Prussia, consolidating his control in central Europe.

• Continental System

Napoleon’s blockade aimed to weaken Britain by banning European trade with

• guerilla

small, irregular warfare used by locals (like in Spain) to resist Napoleon’s armies.

• Alexander I

Russian tsar who first allied with, then defeated Napoleon after the failed invasion of Russia

• Grand Army

Napoleon’s massive multinational army that invaded Russia in 1812 and was destroyed by the campaign.

• Elba

Mediterranean island where Napoleon was first exiled after abdicating the throne.

• Waterloo

Napoleon’s final defeat by British and Prussian forces, ending his rule for good.

• Congress of Vienna 1814-15

meeting of European powers that restored monarchies and balanced power after Napoleon’s fall.