hindu/buddha

hinduism

worship of many gods but have a single belief in a divine reality

how was early forms of hinduism handed down

orally and handed down in families

hinduism is not a single unifed religoin, what is it more like

family of beliefs

vedic period

period where the vedas was wrote

what language was the vedas wrote in

sanskrit- ancient language of india

where do early hindu writings borrow from

greek and latin

in hinduism where were gods worshipped in vedic period

around fire pits

what kind of gods were worshipped during the vedic period

male gods who controlled forces of nature

Dyas Pitr

father of all gods- similar to zeus

agni

god of fire

who was the only female god and what was she the god of

Ushas- god of dawn and renewal. Beginning of reicarnation or karma

Varuna

god of sky and justice

Rudra

god of winds

yama

god of afterlife

in the vedic period who did the chants

mainly priests

what does vedas mean

knowledge or sacred lore

what are the four basic text collections of vedas RAYS

rig veda, yajur veda, sama veda, artharva veda

upanishads period

great upheaval around 500 BC- known as access age

Rig veda

collection over a thousand chants to aryan gods- the creation story

Yajur Veda

ceremonial knowledge

Sama Veda

handbook of music/description of Vedic chants

Artharva veda

practical prayers and charms which call knowledge to the teacher

what period was great questioning of vedic religious beliefs

upanishads period

what were the hundred new works in the upanishads period about

insights into eternal and internal reality

Brahman

divine reality of the heart of all things- something to be known not something to believe

Brahaman described in three words (sca)

sat(reality), chit(pure consciousness) anada(bliss)

atman

soul or self-soul - core of who you are

maya

everyday world is an illusion but the world is real, just not how we think it is- holy reality taking on many forms

karma

everything has its own life force and when it dies another form is reborn

samsara

wheel of life

moksha

ultimate human goal of being liberated or free from things like ego or anger

what writing is the caste system based upon

Bhagarad Gita

what are the four levels of caste system based on

body of the purusha

what are the parts of the caste system in relation to the body

mouth- brahman, arms- rahanya, core- vaishya, feet- shura

stages of life- shrr

1st stage- student learning foundation for life, 2nd stage- householder, marriage is arranged by parents 3rd stafe- retiree, when grandchildren arrived then they help them study religious matters, 4th- renunciation- option after retirement to leave society and go anywhere in the world

goals of life in hinduism- pad

pleasure- karma, artha- society and power, dharma- social and religious duty

role of yoga in life

quiet contemplation and meditation use to help people live spiritually

Jhana yoga

brings insight into ones divine nature- priests and top of caste system

Karma yoga

do at work- proposes all work is done unselfishly

Bhakti yoga

expressing through chants, songs, food offerings

raja yoga- not found in Bhagarad Gita

basic promoting of meditation

Hatha

more stretching and balancing with breathing

Personal devotion at home with personal alters

Bhakti

Puja devotion

performed at alter by offering flowers, food and inscence

Chikara devotion

where energy rises from base of spine to head- unlocked through yoga and mediation

What are the spiritual leaders called

gurus

two examples of hinduism devotion

animals and pilgramages

three main goals of hinduism

brahma- a creative force of the universe, Vishnu- force of preservation, shiva- force of destruction/ recycled into a new life

when does Buddhism begin in

5th century- india upheval

who was buddha

young son of a rich king

Buddha was based on a story

his life would take one of two directions. he saw suffering he would be a spiritual leadeder.

four passing sites on outside of the walls

old crooked man, sick man wasting from disease, corpse, and wondering holy man who gave up all his possessions

what did he realize from seeing all this

he was sheltered and felt guilty and began to ponder

stage where buddha got out of the palace

great going forth

what happened during the great going forth

cut off all hair, simple clothing, entered world with questions and went from teacher to teacher asking about hinduism

how were the five and buddha living

austerity with minimal food water and comfort

how was buddha found after the woman gave him food and water

under a bodhi tree, facing east and mediating until he starts to understand life

what happened at midnight

reached a state of profound understanding(stage of awakening)

Great awakenig and what he learned

live life in moderation, suffering and death were inevaitable, and ultimatley a release

what does buddha mean

awakend one

what was the outcome from going to village to village teaching his insights

order of monks and when he was given land he built monasteries

where did buddhasim take off

eastern asia

three jewels/general traits

buddha: what an ideal human should strive to be, dharma- total of all buddhist teachings on how to view the world, sangha- community of monks and nuns

one common goal in all teachings

be practical and concentrating your life on what is useful

the two quewstions to be answered about life

how can we minimize suffering. how do we attain inner peace

Three marks of reality

change, no one has permeant identity, and suffering

four noble truths

to live is to suffer, suffering comes from desire, to end suffering you have to end your desires, and release of suffering can be attained by following 8 nobel path

8 noble path- visalecm

view, intention, speech, action, livilhood, effort, concentration, mindfulness

indian thoughts incorporated by buddhasim

ahism- suffering to any being is cruel, soul- buddhist denied there is a soul, karma, nivana- liberation from samsara

three parts of buddhism

theravada- monks only and stresses nirvana through detatchment and shunning desires

collection of teaching in theravada

pali canon

Three baskets divided in theravada

vinaya, sutta, abhidhamma

2nd brand of buddhism

mahayana- big vehical and emphasizes anyone seeking enlightment- common peop;e

what creates central virtue

wisdom and compassion

Vajrayana

diamond vehicle- uses special chants and rituals to help gain super normal powrs

what were the vajarana spiritual leaders called

lama

what did the buddhism government look like

democratic

countries that are buddhist state religions

Bhutan, cambodia, myanmar, sri lanka

what caused differences in the countries

the time from when buddha was speaking and people wrote down what he was saying

what are the moral principles hat infulecne government

compassion, honesty, responsibility and leaders duty to rule with rightousness

key aspects of buddhist influence on governent

social harmony and resolving conflict peacfully, ethical leadership, right action, role of monastic community, and focus on common good