Chapter 26 - America in a World at War

Bernard Montgomery

________, commander of Allied ground operations on D- Day and after, pushed into northern Germany with a million troops, while Bradleys army, sweeping through central Germany, completed the encirclement of 300, 000 German soldiers in the Ruhr.

Enola Gay

On August 6, 1945, an American B- 29, the ________, dropped an atomic weapon on the Japanese industrial center at Hiroshima.

Mariana Islands

In mid- June 1944, an enormous American armada struck the heavily fortified ________ and, after some of the bloodiest operations of the war, captured Tinian, Guam, and Saipan, 1, 350 miles from Tokyo.

Germany

________ made substantial advances in the development of rocket technology in the early years of the war, and it managed to launch some rocket- propelled bombs (the V1s and V2s) across the English Channel, aimed at London.

Alamogordo

Just before dawn on July 16, 1945, in the desert near ________, New Mexico, the scientists gathered to witness the first atomic explosion in history: the detonation of a plutonium- fueled bomb that its creators had named Trinity.

Gee navigation system

The ________, which was also valuable to the navy, used electronic pulses to help pilots plot their exact location- something that in the past only a highly skilled navigator could do, and then only in good weather.

Albert Einstein

The search for the new weapon emerged from theories developed by atomic physicists, beginning early in the century, and particularly from some of the founding ideas of modern science developed by ________.

Pearl Harbor

The fear of deflation, the central concern of the 1930s, gave way during the war to a fear of inflation, particularly after prices rose 25 percent in the two years before the attack on ________.

Missouri

On September 2, 1945, on board the American battleship ________, anchored in Tokyo Bay, Japanese officials signed the articles of surrender.

World War II

________ had its most profound impact on American domestic life by at last ending the Great Depression.

Japanese aircraft

The American navy destroyed four ________ carriers while losing only one, and regained control of the central Pacific for the United States.

World War I

________ had produced widespread hatred, vindictiveness, and hysteria in America, as well as widespread and flagrant violations of civil liberties.

great Allied invasion of France

The ________ was planned for the late spring.

American naval

In February 1944, ________ forces under Admiral Chester Nimitz won a series of victories in the Marshall Islands and cracked the outer perimeter of the Japanese Empire.

great British fortress of Singapore

The ________ surrendered in February 1942, the Dutch East Indies in March, Burma in April.

Battle of Coral Sea

The Allies achieved their first important victory in the ________, just northwest of Australia, on May 7- 8, 1942, when American forces turned back the previously unstoppable Japanese fleet.

island of Iwo Jima

In February 1945, American marines seized the tiny volcanic ________, only 750 miles from Tokyo, but only after the costliest single battle in the history of the Marine Corps.