exam 2 companion animal

what is the site of gas exchange in the circulatory system?

A) heart

B) capillaries

C) vein/venules

D) arteries/arterioles

B) capillaries

portal circulation occurs between the capillaries of what two organ systems in the body?

GI tract and Liver

The lymphatic system is a subset of which two systems?

circulatory and immune system

which of the following is NOT a component of the lymphatic system?

A) bone marrow

B) thymus

C) tonsils

D) lungs

E) ALL of the above

D) lungs

explain what the vertebral heart score is used for and how its determined

know a pet’s heart size. can be determined by finding the heart and doing a radiograph to point how far the heart is from the vertebrae, add the long and short axes together for the VHS.

which nutrient deficiency can cause dilated cardiomyopathy

taurine

what transmits heart worms to dogs and cats

mosquitos

most common cancer in dogs that starts with the immune system

sarcoma

cancer of the white blood cells. very deadly without treatment

lymphoma

cancer of the endothelial cells that line blood vessels. typically affects the heart or spleen

hemangiosarcoma

a collapsed tranchea can be caused by?

A) allergies

B) collar misuse

C) nutrition

D) genetics

E) all of the above

E) all of the above

where are sweat glands located in dogs and cats

paw pads

how do dogs primarily dissipate heat

panting

normal dog body temperature is what

102

above what body temperature is fatal

105

This waste product is produced by the muscles and filtered into the urine. It is an important indicator of kidney function if it gets too high in the blood

creatinine

the ideal urine pH for cats is lower than the ideal urine pH for dogs t/f (1)

True (1)

Upon urinalysis, which of the following should not be detected in healthy urine?

A) glucose

B) ketones

C) blood

D) protein

E) all the above are abnormal in healthy urine

E) all the above are abnormal in healthy urine

Which of the following stones develops due to a lack of a certain microbe in the gut

oxalate

why are male cats more prone to stone development? How can these stones be resolved?

Their urethra is narrower than female cats. There can be an ultrasound done and dissolve them

dogs and cats do not have alpha amylase in their saliva T/F (2)

true (2)

where does protein digestion start in a dog or cat

stomach

where does nutrient absorption primarily occur in the digestive tract

small intestine

if your dog has yellow tinge to his skin and gums what organ is affected

liver

low production of insulin is

diabetes

too much cortisol is

cushings disease

too much thyroid hormone is

hyperthyroidism

this organ is the brain of the endocrine system

hypothalamus

Type 1 diabetes is more common in?

Dogs

treatment of diabetes in dogs and cats can include which of the following?

A) high protein diet

B) low-carbohydrate diet

C) exercise

D) insulin injections

E) all the above

E) all the above

passive immunity is the transfer of antibodies from one individual to another. t/f (3)

true (3)

it is assumed that all puppies are born with internal parasites t/f (4)

True (4)

which of the following cat diseases cannot be vaccinated for? therefore prevention is key

A) feline infectious peritonitis

B) feline immunodeficiency virus

which of the following is the route of transmissions for rabies?

saliva

describe the AVMA guidelines for vaccination application in cats, why do they have this guideline

injection should be given as distally as possible, so if a tumor forms it can be removed/ amputate

Your friend decided to get a puppy after moving to Wisconsin. She plans to take the puppy swimming in the water sources where wildlife frequently visits. What would your recommendation be for core vaccines? What would you recommend for a lifestyle vaccine?

Core: DHPP/ rabies

Lifestyle: Lepto

CPR on a dog; what is the rate of compression

100-120 per min

CPR on a dog: what is the rate of breaths to give

2 breaths every 30 seconds

explains how to perform CPR on one of the three chest types of dogs. Make sure to include how the dog should be lying

round chested dogs lie on their side CPR takes place highest point of the chest

what is the proper route for a vaccine to be given in a cat?

A) IM

B) SQ

C) IV

D) IP

B) SQ

what is the proper needle angle for subcutaneous injections

45

if a large volume of blood is required, which vein would be the best choice to draw from?

jugular vein

what will happen if you pull the plunger of the syringe back too hard/fast while drawing blood from a cephalic vein?

the vein collapses and you cannot draw from there again

which of the following is the most common GI parasite in dogs and cats

roundworm

a dog recently spent time hiking in a forested area. The dog develops fever and lameness in one or more joints. The dog’s gait is stiff and limp. What is the dog suffering from

deer tick/ lyme disease

A puppy started showing signs of diarrhea, vomiting, and lethargy after a trip to a local park. What is the puppy likely suffering from?

giardia

domestic cats are rarely affected by toxoplasma t/f (5)

true (5)

in dogs short hair is dominant over long hair t/f (6)

true (6)

what genotype will occur if a female cat has the following genotype? OO

orange

what genotype will occur if a female cat has the following genotype? Oo

calico

what genotype will occur if a female cat has the following genotype? oo

Black

2 ways male cats can be calico. Name and explain one of them

having 2 XX and Y chromosomes

Breeding a merle to a merle can produce a double merle. What will this likely cause in the double merle puppies

blindness and deafness

Using the lab retriever as an example, what phenotype will occur with the following genotypes? EEBB

Black lab

Using the lab retriever as an example, what phenotype will occur with the following genotypes? Eebb

brown lab

Using the lab retriever as an example, what phenotype will occur with the following genotypes? eeBB

yellow lab

Using the lab retriever as an example, what phenotype will occur with the following genotypes? eebb

yellow lab

What is the name of the genetic term when a merle dog does not appear phenotypically merle, but is genotypically merle?

cryptic merle

interaction of genes at different loci, one hides/masks the other

Epistasis

alters the phenotypic expression of another gene

Modifier gene

work together to express the phenotype, none dominate

additive

3 genotypes and 3 phenotypes

Incomplete dominance

3 genotypes and 2 phenotypes

complete dominance