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Law of Segregation
When an organism makes gametes, each gamete receives just one copy, which is selected randomly.
law of independent assortment
genes do not influence each other with regard to the sorting of alleles into gametes: every possible combination of alleles for every gene is equally likely to occur.
complete dominance
offspring has a dominant allele that's what the phenotype shows
Incomplete Dominance
The trait of both dominant and recessive mixes (ex. purple and white will become pink)
Overdominance
Heterozygotes have higher fitness than homozygotes.
Co-dominance
both traits are expressed
pleiotrophic genes
genes that affect more than a single trait
Multiple Alleles
A gene that has more than two alleles
Lethal Genes
genes that causes death
Recessive Lethal
only lethal if homozygous recessive
dominant lethal
if it has one dominant, it will die
Epistasis
A type of gene interaction in which one gene mask the phenotypic effects of another gene that is independently inherited.
Recessive Epistasis
when the recessive allele of one gene masks the effects of either allele of the second gene
9:3:4
Dominant Epistasis
when the dominant allele of one gene masks the effects of either allele of the second gene
12:3:1
Epistatic Gene
the gene that does the masking
Hypostatic gene
the gene whose effect is masked
Complementary Genes
each gene is mutually dependent on the other
9:7
Duplicate Genes
Two identical genes showing the same phenotypic action but localized in different regions of a chromosome or on different chromosomes
Linked Genes
Genes located on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together in genetic crosses.
Incomplete Linkage
genes on same chromosome, but some distance apart, allows some recombination
Complete Linkage
linkage between genes that are located close together on the same chromosome with no crossing over between them
