HBS: FINAL

aliment

food

chym

juice

gastr

stomach

peri

around

rect

straight

agglutin

to glue together

bil

bile

crit

to separate

eryth

red

hema

blood

angio

vessel

arther

porridge

diastol

dilation

edem

swelling

systol

contraction

alveol

small cavity

bronch

wind pipe

carcin

spreading sore

epi

on, about, upon

inhal

to breathe in

andr

man

contra

against, counter

ejacul

shoot forth

fimb

fringe

follic

small bag

germ

to bud, sprout

gubern

to steer, to guide

mamm

breast

mens

month

puber

adult

cleav

to divide

morul

mulberry

nat

to be born

umbil

navel

mast

breast

gallbladder

stores, concentrates, and releases bile when a fatty meal is eaten.

large intestine

Absorbs water and transports feces

small intestine

most chemical digestion and absorption of food takes place

stomach

mixes food with gastric juices and churns up food with its muscular layers

esophagus

passageway from pharynx to stomach.

pepsin

breaks down nearly all types of proteins into polypeptides

lactase

enzyme that breaks down lactose

amylase

enzyme that breaks down starch (in saliva)

lipase

enzyme that breaks down fat

bile

A substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles.

mastication

chewing

malabsorption

a condition in which the small intestine cannot absorb nutrients from food that passes through it

lactose intolerance

inability to digest lactose

digestion

mechanical and chemical breakdown of foods into forms that cell membranes can absorb

absorption

food products broken down into small particles transfer to the blood stream across the intestinal wall by diffusion, active transport, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis

erythrocytes

red blood cells. carry oxygen using hemoglobin

leukocytes

white blood cells. protect against disease

plasma

clear, straw colored liquid part of blood. suspends cells and platelets, transports nutrients, gases, and vitamins. helps regulate fluid and electrolyte balance. maintains a pH of 7.35 to 7.45. mostly made of water

platelets

fragments of megakaryocytes triggering clotting mechanism

pericardium

Membrane surrounding the heart

myocardium

muscular tissue layer of the heart

tricuspid valve

valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle

bicuspid valve

valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle.

pulmonary semilunar valve

valve opening from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery

right atrium

right upper chamber of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the body

right ventricle

pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs

left atrium

receives oxygenated blood from the lungs

left ventricle

pumps oxygenated blood to the body

aortic semilunar valve

valve between left ventricle and aorta

arteries

carry blood away from the heart

veins

carry blood to the heart

capillaries

Smallest blood vessels

internal respiration

exchange of gases between the blood and the body cells

cellular respiration

cells use oxygen to produce energy from food

external respiration

exchange of gases between the air in the lungs and the blood

inspiration

breathing in

expiration

breathing out

respiratory membrane

the single layer of cells that makes up the wall of the alveoli

trachea

windpipe

bronchioles

smallest branches of the bronchi

alveoli

air sacs in the lungs providing a large surface area through which gas exchange can occur

visceral pleura

membrane attached to the lung surface

ovaries

female gonads. produce sex cells and hormones

follicle stimulating hormone

acts on the gonads to stimulate follicle development and sperm production

testes

male gonads. produce sperm cells and male sex hormones.

epididymis

tube on outside of testis that stores immature sperm and promotes maturation

scrotum

pouch of skin and subcutaneous tissue that encloses the testes

vas deferens

conveys sperm cells to ejaculatory duct

prostate

secretes an alkaline fluid containing nutrients and prostaglandins to help neutralize acidic components

fallopian tubes

convey egg towards uterus, each end expanded, lined with cilia, peristalsis moves the egg

uterus

receives embryo and sustains it. wall made of endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium

vagina

connects uterus to the vestibule. revieves penis, conveys uterine secretions, provides open channel for fetus during birth. Hymen, muscular wall.

labia majora

reounded folds of adipose and skin that enclose and protect other external parts

vestibule

space between labia minora that encloses the vaginal and urethral openings

human chorionic gonadotropin

hormone produced by the placenta to sustain pregnancy by stimulating the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone

relaxin

hormone that increases the flexibility of the pubic symphysis during pregnancy

progesterone

prepares uterus for pregnancy

lutenizing hormone

causes ovulation and secretion of testosterone

lactogen

stimulates breast development and production of milk

Day 1

day bleeding starts in menstrual cycle

Day 14

day of ovulation in menstrual cycle

menstruation

monthly shedding of the uterine lining

Day 28

day that corpus luteum degenerates in menstrual cycle

morula

solid ball of cells formed by cleavage of a zygote

blastocyst

hollow ball of cells with an intercell mass. DNA differentiated