Gender Inequality Lecture Notes

These flashcards cover key concepts, definitions, and theories related to gender inequality, including sex, gender, sexual orientation, and societal roles.

What is the definition of sex?

Biological construct based on external genitalia, chromosomes, and reproductive organs.

How is gender defined?

Social characteristics attached to the biological differences that distinguish males and females.

What is the process through which gender is created?

Taught and continually created through interactions with others.

What does sexual orientation refer to?

Emotional, romantic, and/or physical attraction to other people.

What is the gender binary?

The notion that there are only two genders: masculine and feminine.

What is gender nonconforming?

Identifying as a gender that differs from one's sex, or not identifying with a particular gender at all.

What does cisgender mean?

Individuals whose gender identity matches their biological sex.

What is the primary focus of feminist theory?

Examining gender inequality in various societal institutions.

What does occupational segregation refer to?

When specific jobs are predominantly held by one gender.

What is the Mommy Tax?

Professional and financial penalties that working mothers often face.

What does the Glass Ceiling refer to?

An invisible barrier preventing women's upward mobility within an organization.

How much do women earn for every dollar earned by men according to the 2025 Gender Pay Gap Report?

83 cents.

What is the significance of the #MeToo movement?

It focused attention on sexual harassment issues in workplaces.

How is the gender pay gap affected by education level?

Gaps persist across various educational attainments, but they vary in amount.

What challenges do heterosexual couples face regarding housework?

Women do more household labor than men, contributing to inequality.

What is an example of a historical occupation predominantly held by women?

Social work.

What percentage of Bachelor's Degrees were earned by women as of 2020?

More women are now participating in higher education, increasing percentages over time.

What does gender socialization involve?

How people are socialized to meet socially determined gender expectations and roles.

What are some factors that contribute to gender inequality in education?

Differential treatment by teachers, leading to varied pathways in higher education.

What are the components of the theoretical frameworks mentioned that address gender?

Functionalism, Critical Perspectives, and Symbolic Interactionism.