Immunology Unit 11: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (Part 1) immuno

These flashcards cover critical concepts and statistics related to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome and HIV, based on lecture notes from MLT 210.

What is the global statistic for newly infected individuals with HIV in 2018?

1.7 Million newly infected individuals.

How many individuals are living with HIV worldwide as of 2018?

37.9 Million.

What was the leading cause of death worldwide and specifically among women of reproductive age in 2018?

AIDS.

What type of virus is responsible for AIDS?

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).

In what year was the Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus (LAV) isolated?

1983.

What significant change occurred in 1984 regarding the naming of HIV?

Both LAV and Human T-Lymphotropic Retrovirus Type III were renamed to HIV.

What are the two distinct types of HIV?

HIV-1 and HIV-2.

Which group accounts for about 90% of HIV-1 infections globally?

Group M.

What characterizes Type-2 HIV (HIV-2)?

It is prevalent in West Africa and is less virulent than HIV-1.

What are the main components of the HIV structure?

Envelope, core, and genome with specific proteins.

What does the gag gene in HIV encode?

Viral core protein.

How does HIV prefer to invade cells?

It has a marked preference for CD4+ T lymphocytes.

What are the co-receptors that HIV gp120 binds to during viral entry?

CCR5 and CXCR4.

What process allows HIV to replicate within host cells?

Reverse transcription and integration into host DNA.

What happens to CD4 cells during HIV replication?

CD4 cells are destroyed.