bio chapter 1 the cell

cell theory (4 points)

everything living is made of cells

basic func unit of life

rise from preexisting cells

carry genetic info (dna) passes to daughter cells

RNA EVENTUALLY

destroys itself, not part of donation to daughter cells

prokar vs eukar

prokar (no nuc no membrane bound organelles)

nucleus

double membrane, dna

LINEAR DNA IS

wrapped around histone proteins, becomes chromosomes

LOOSE DNA IS

eukchromatin

heterochromatin is condensed+dark DNA

mitochon

double membrane (inner+ outer)

CRISTAE (increase surface area to make more space for ETC)

have their own genes (maternal inheritance, MITOCHONDRIAL DISEASE)

ORGANELLE IN CHARGE OF APOPTOSIS

mitochondria

lysosome

recycling center

ER smooth

no ribosomes, lipids, detox of drugs and materials

CONT SERIES OF MEMBRANES W NUC

ER rough

ribosomes (factory for protein synthesis)

CONT SERIES OF MEMBRANES W NUC

golgi

series of membrane bound sacs, “modifies” synthesized proteins, makes vesicles which merge with cell membrane

endomembrane system

dna—> mRNA—> proteins—>vesicle—> membrane (exocytosis)

microfilaments

made of actin, interacts with myosin (muscle cont), cytokinesis (cleavage furrow)

cytoskeleton parts

microfilaments

microtubules

intermediate filaments

microtubules

tubulin, two types: kinesin (out) dyein (in),

intermediate filaments

anchor organelles

cell types (4 types)

epithelial (covers body+lines cavities, abs sec, parenchyma)

endothelial (connective, framework)

neurons

muscle

PARENCHYMA IS

functional part of organ (usually epithelial)

ECM

made of collagen+elastin secreted by endothelial cells

prokar

cell wall, thick or thin peptidoglycan layer, lipopolysacchiride (gram neg, disease causing)

flagella,

nuc region (can transfer and aquire DNA through circular plasmids

GRAM +

thick peptidoglycan layer (purple)

prokar repro (3 types)

1.) binary fission

2.) genetic recombination

3,) transformation (bact dies, other molecules pick up DNA)

conjugation

bacteria mating, bridge F+ and F-, many connections—> bacterial systems

stages of bacterial systems

lag

exponential growth (eating eating reproducing)

plateau (not enough resources for growth, but stable)

death

capsid

protective shell of virus