AMSTUD Vocab 7.7 & 7.8

Scientific Management

a management theory using efficiency experts to examine each work operations and find ways to minimize the time needed to complete it

Henry Ford

1863-1947. American businessman, founder of Ford Motor Company, father of modern assembly lines, and inventor credited with 161 patents.

Assembly line

a series of workers and machines in a factory by which a succession of identical items is progressively assembled. Invented by Henry Ford

Consumer appliances

Electricity in homes allowed for these... refrigarators, vaccum cleaners, and washing machines.

open shop

A company with a labor agreement under which union membership cannot be required as a condition of employment.

Welfare Capitalism

an economic and political system that combines a mostly market-based economy with extensive social welfare programs

industrial design

an applied art that improves the aesthetics and usefulness of mass-produced products for users

art deco

The 1920's modernistic art style that captured modernistic simplification of forms, while using machine age materials. (p. 482)

Mass Media

Forms of communication, such as newspapers and radio, that reach millions of people.

Phonographs

early devices for playing recorded disks

popular heroes

Americans shifted role models from politicians to sports heroes and movie stars. Sports heros included Jack Dempsey, Jim Thorpe, Babe Ruth, and Bobby Jones. However, the most celebrated was Charles Lindbergh who flew from Long Island to Paris in 1927. (p. 480)

Aviation

travel via aircraft

Charles Lindberg

United States aviator who in 1927 made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean (1902-1974)

Modernism

A cultural movement embracing human empowerment and rejecting traditionalism as outdated. Rationality, industry, and technology were cornerstones of progress and human achievement.

Fundamentalism

Conservative beliefs in the Bible and that it should be literally believed and applied

Revivalists

preachers who wanted to revive the role of religion in America

Billy Sunday

American fundamentalist minister; he used colorful language and powerful sermons to drive home the message of salvation through Jesus and to oppose radical and progressive groups. Baseball Evangelist

Aimee Semple McPherson

evangelist, founder of four square church of god, 1920s, used hollywood like tactics to get more followers, was popular on the radio, faked death. appealed to poor white people, practiced healing, anti evolution

Scopes Trial

1925 court case in which Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan debated the issue of teaching evolution in public schools

Clarence Darrow

Defended John Scopes during the Scopes Trial. He argued that evolution should be taught in schools.

Volstead Act

Bill passed by Congress to enforce the language of the 18th Amendment. This bill made the manufacture and distribution of alcohol illegal within the borders of the United States.

Al Capone

United States gangster who terrorized Chicago during Prohibition until arrested for tax evasion

21st Amendment

repealed prohibition

Quota Laws

Maximum limits on the number of people who could immigrate from each country to a particular country during a one-year period. Ex: In 1910, Congress passed immigration quotas, the immigration from European countries could only be 3% of the number of its nationals living in the U.S.

Sacco and Vanzetti

In 1920 these two men were convicted of murder and robbery. They were found guilty and died in the electric chair unfairly

Ku Klux Klan

White supremacy organization that intimidated blacks out of their newly found liberties

Birth of a Nation

Controversial but highly influential and innovative silent film directed by D.W. Griffith. It demonstrated the power of film propaganda and revived the KKK.

Gertrude Stein

American writer of experimental novels, poetry, essays, operas, and plays. In Paris during the 1920s she was a central member of a group of American expatriates that included Ernest Hemingway. Her works include Three Lives (1908), Tender Buttons (1914), and The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas (1933). "Lost Generation"

Lost Generation

Group of writers in 1920s who shared the belief that they were lost in a greedy, materialistic world that lacked moral values and often choose to flee to Europe

F. Scott Fitzgerald

a novelist and chronicler of the jazz age. his wife, zelda and he were the "couple" of the decade but hit bottom during the depression. his noval THE GREAT GATSBY is considered a masterpiece about a gangster's pursuit of an unattainable rich girl.

Ernest Hemingway

Lost Generation writer, spent much of his life in France, Spain, and Cuba during WWI, notable works include A Farewell to Arms

Sinclair Lewis

American novelist who satirized middle-class America in his 22 works, including Babbitt (1922) and Elmer Gantry (1927). He was the first American to receive (1930) a Nobel Prize for literature.