BIO 101- AEB Combined notes-24-25

I want it to be concisely based on topic 1

Organ system

A group of organs working together to perform complex functions.

Nucleus

The largest organelle in eukaryotic cells, acting as the control center and containing DNA.

Mitochondria

Organelles that generate ATP, known as the powerhouses of the cell.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

A network of membranes involved in transport and synthesis of proteins and lipids.

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

ER that is studded with ribosomes and synthesizes proteins.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

ER that does not have ribosomes; involved in lipid synthesis and detoxification.

Golgi apparatus

An organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion or use within the cell.

Vesicles

Sac-like organelles that store and transport materials within a cell.

Vacuoles

Large sac-like organelles that store materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.

Centrioles

Organelles involved in organizing chromosomes during cell division, found in animal cells.

Ribosomes

Small organelles where proteins are synthesized, not membrane-bound.

Metabolism

The biochemical reactions that occur within a living organism to maintain life.

Asexual reproduction

Reproduction involving a single parent that results in offspring identical to the parent.

Sexual reproduction

Reproduction involving the fusion of male and female gametes to produce genetically varied offspring.

Symbiosis

A long-term interaction between two different species, which can be mutualistic, commensal, or parasitic.

Cell

The basic functional unit of life responsible for all life processes.

Niche

The functional role of an organism in its environment, including its habitat and interactions.

Gene

A hereditary unit that is passed from parent to offspring, coding for specific traits.

Heredity

The passing of traits from parents to offspring.

Evolution

The change in heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.

Metamorphosis

A developmental process involving a significant change in form, as seen in some insects.

Homeostasis

The ability of an organism to maintain stable internal conditions despite external changes.

Taxonomy

The science of classification of living things based on shared characteristics.

Autotrophic nutrition

The process by which organisms make their own food using light or chemical energy.

Heterotrophic nutrition

The process by which organisms obtain food from other organisms.