Carroll High School Advanced and GT Chemistry Summer Assignment Review

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers fundamental chemistry concepts including the definition of ions, specific monatomic and polyatomic ion nomenclature, and essential mathematical skills for the Advanced/GT Chemistry curriculum.

Ion

An atom or molecule in which the total number of electrons is not equal to the total number of protons, giving it a net positive or negative electrical charge.

Anion

An ion with more electrons than protons, giving it a net negative charge.

Cation

An ion with more protons than electrons, giving it a positive charge.

Monatomic Ion

A single atom with a charge.

Polyatomic Ion

A group of atoms with a charge.

Valence Electrons

The outermost electrons of an atom, which are important in determining how the atom reacts chemically with other atoms.

Rule for Determining Valence Electrons

The number of valence electrons is determined by the periodic table group (vertical column) in which the element is categorized.

Octet Rule Goal in Ion Formation

Atoms lose or gain electrons to reach $8$ valence electrons.

Monatomic Negative Ion Naming Convention

All monatomic negative ions end with the suffix -ide.

$$(NH_4)^+$$

Ammonium

$$(H_3O)^+$$

Hydronium

$$(C_2H_3O_2)^-$$

Acetate

$$(MnO_4)^-$$

Permanganate

$$(OH)^-$$

Hydroxide

$$(CN)^-$$

Cyanide

$$(ClO)^-$$

Hypochlorite

$$(ClO_2)^-$$

Chlorite

$$(ClO_3)^-$$

Chlorate

$$(ClO_4)^-$$

Perchlorate

$$(HCO_3)^-$$

Hydrogen carbonate (bicarbonate)

$$(NO_3)^-$$

Nitrate

$$(NO_2)^-$$

Nitrite

$$(CO_3)^{2-}$$

Carbonate

$$(Cr_2O_7)^{2-}$$

Dichromate

$$(O_2)^{2-}$$

Peroxide

$$(CrO_4)^{2-}$$

Chromate

$$(SO_4)^{2-}$$

Sulfate

$$(SO_3)^{2-}$$

Sulfite

$$(PO_4)^{3-}$$

Phosphate

$$(PO_3)^{3-}$$

Phosphite

Multiple Charged Monatomic Ions Naming

Ions that utilize Roman numerals to distinguish their specific charge, such as $Cu^+$ Copper (I) or $Fe^{3+}$ Iron(III).

Scientific Notation

A mathematical method used to write incredibly large or incredibly small numbers by expressing them as a value multiplied by a power of $10$.

Literal Equations

Equations involving algebraic manipulation of variables to solve for an unknown value.

$$Ag^+$$

Silver

$$Zn^{2+}$$

Zinc

$$H^-$$

Hydride