AP Psych - Intelligence

Standardized Test

Test items have been piloted on a similar population of people as those who are meant to take the test.

Norms

Refers to information regarding the group performance of a particular reference on a particular measure for which a person can be compared to.

Standardization Sample

A group of people who take a particular test and serve as the representative of the population of people taking the test in general.

Reliability

This refers to the repeatability or consistency of the test as a means of measurement.

Test-retest Reliability

This refers to the correlation between a person's score on one administration of the test with the same person's score on a subsequent administration of the test.

Validity (content)

This refers to whether the test measures what it is supposed to measure.

Criterion related Validity

The degree of effectiveness with which performance on a test or procedure predicts performance in a real-life situation

Split-half reliability

This involves randomly dividing a test into two different sections and then correlating people's' performances on the two halves. The closer the correlation, the greater this type of reliability is.

Equivalent-form reliability

This involves having two versions of the same test that are nearly the same. The closer the correlation between the two forms of of the test, the greater this type of reliability.

Concurrent Validity

This measures how much of a characteristic a person has now (This is one type of criterion-related validity)

Predictive validity

This measures future performance. Does a person have the qualities that will allow them to become a good...

Aptitude Test

These tests measure ability or potential

Achievement Test

These tests measure what one has learned or accomplished.

Intelligence

the ability to gather and use information in productive ways.

Fluid Intelligence

This refers to our ability to solve abstract problems and pick up new information and skills. This type of intelligence declines as you get older.

Crystallized Intelligence

This involves suing knowledge accumulated over time. This type of intelligence holds steady or actually increases as you get older.

Spearman's Intelligence Theory

This theory states that intelligence could be expressed in a single factor. Using factor analysis, he concluded that underlying different specific abilities 's', there is a single factor that he named 'g' or general intelligence.

Gardner's intelligence Theory

He stated that there were 8 different multiple intelligences.

L.L. Thurstone

He stated that there are 7 primary mental abilities including reasoning, verbal comprehension and memory.

J.P. Guilford

He stated that there were well over 100 different mental abilities.

Intrapersonal Intelligence

One of Gardner's multiple intelligences: It is knowledge of the self and and how we think and feel.

Interpersonal Intelligence

One of gardner's Multiple Intelligences: It is knowledge of how to effectively communicate and connect with other people.

Emotional intelligence

This type of intelligence corresponds to Gardner's notion of interpersonal and intrapersonal intelligence. One of its main proponents is Daniel Goleman

Stanford-Binet IQ Test

This test created an IQ score by dividing the Mental age by the Chronological Age and multiplying by 100.

Wechsler Test

This IQ test bases it's scores on Standard Deviation. There are multiple sub-tests that are performance base and are useful for non-English speaking people.

WISC

The Weschler intelligence scale of children.

Normal Distribution

With this type of distribution, the percentages and scores that fall under each part of the normal curve are predetermined.

Heritability

It is a measure of how much of a trait's variation is explained by genetic factors.

Flynn Effect

Performance on intelligence tests has been increasing steadily throughout the century, faster than genetics could account for.

Sternberg's Triarchic Theory

This theory holds that there are three types of intelligence.

Analytic Intelligence (Componential)

Part of the triarchic theory: The ability to compare and contrast, explain and analyze.

Creative Intelligence

Part of the triarchic theory: It focuses on people's ability to use their knowledge and experience in new and innovative ways.

Practical Intelligence (contextual)

Part of the Triarchic Theory: People with this type of intelligence are what we consider street-smart, they are able to apply what they know to real-world situations.

Alfred Binet

The Frenchman who is credited with creating the first IQ Test.

Mental age

Created by Alfred Binet, the main idea is that intelligence increases as one gets older. (MA)

Louis Terman

He was a Stanford professor and created the Stanford-Binet IQ test.

David Weschler

He created an IQ test that does not use an intelligence quotient. It yields an IQ score through standard deviation.

2 Standard deviations above the mean

IQ of 130: Gifted

2 standard deviations below the mean

IQ of 70: Intellectual Disability

Monozygotic

identical twins that share 100% of their genetic material.

Dizygotic

Fraternal twins that, on average, only share 50% of their genes.

Sir Francis Galton

British researcher, considered the father of mental tests; interested in the origin of intelligence and began the nature-nurture debate; thought that one's heredity is response for one's intelligence

stereotype threat

the apprehension experienced by members of a group that their behavior might confirm a cultural stereotype

savant syndrome

Found in individuals who have a remarkable talent even though they are mentally slow in other domains.

intellectual disability

(formerly referred to as mental retardation) a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound.