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31. Known as the "Great Compromiser" who helped pass the Compromise of 1850?
Henry Clay
46. These were the first public debates on the issue of slavery, and made Abraham Lincoln known in 1858.
Lincoln-Douglas Debates (issues of slavery)
56. The attack on what place was the official start of the Civil War?
Fort Sumter
101. This is the location of the symbolic surrender/end of the Civil War.
Appomattox Court House
1. Who coined the term "Manifest Destiny"?
John L. O'Sullivan.
2. 1845 idea that Euro-Americans were fated by God to settle the North American continent from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans.
Manifest Destiny
3. Region between California & Russian Alaska that many American farmers desired.
Oregon
4. Elite Mexican ranchers in the province of California.
Californios
5. Many Americans settled into California along what river?
Sacramento River
6. What animal played an important role in the lives of Plains Indians?
Bison
7. What three things, brought by Europeans, tremendously influenced the Plains Indians?
Horses, guns, diseases
8. What slogan was the demand for all of the Oregon Territory?
"54 40 or Fight!"
9. Who won the presidential election of 1844?
James Knox Polk
10. Who was the Whig candidate in the 1844 election?
Henry Clay
11. What was the political party of James G. Birney?
Liberty Party
12. What became a new state after the Democrats won the 1844 election?
Texas
13. Polk tried to acquire California from what country?
Mexico
14. Who did Polk end to califomia to lead an "exploring" party of soldiers in 1845?
John C. Frémont
15. How much did the U.S. offer to pay, originally, for the California and New Mexico provinces?
$30 million
16. What did the U.S. believe was the southern border of Texas?
Rio Grande
17. When the Oregon Treaty was signed between the U.S. & Britain what became the northern border between the U.S. and Canada?
The 49th parallel
18. During the Mexican War, Fremont declared California independent and called it what?
Bear Flag Republic
19. Who was the leader of Mexico during the Mexican-American War?
Antonio López de Santa Anna
26. The idea that those living in each territory should determine its status as free or slave.
Squatter sovereignty or popular sovereignty
38. 1854 document urging the U.S. seize Cuba. Denounced by northern democrats as an aggressive initiative to simply expand slavery.
Ostend Manifesto
168. The first governor of the Massachusetts Bay colony.
John Winthrop
172. Members of the Society of Friends that settled in Pennsylvania.
Quakers
178. A colony created through a grant of land from the English monarch to an individual or group, who then set up a government largely independent from royal control.
Proprietary colony.
199. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence, and when was it adopted?
Thomas Jefferson; adopted on July 4, 1776.
221. A proposal by Hamilton that urged expansion of manufacturing and tariffs.
Report on Manufactures
228. This officially ended the war of 1812.
Treaty of Ghent.
240. Anti-foreign sentiment in the US that began in the 1840s & 50s.
Nativism
252. Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau were major figures in this 19th
Transcendentalism
20. Who were the top two American Generals during the Mexican War?
Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott.
21. Whig party members that were opposed to the Mexican War.
Anti-war Whigs or Conscience Whigs
22. This was an 1846 proposed ban on slavery in territory acquired from the Mexican War.
Wilmot Proviso
23. What treaty ended the Mexican War?
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
24. A political movement that opposed the expansion of slavery, and created a political party in 1848.
Free-soil movement
25. Who came up with the idea of "squatter"/popular sovereignty?
Lewis Cass
27. "Old Rough and Ready" who became the president in 1848.
Zachary Taylor
28. On whose land was gold discovered in California?
John Sutter
29. Nickname for the individuals who descended on California first as part of the gold rush.
Forty-niners
30. "Slavery follows the flag" was an assertion by whom that planters could by right take their slave property into new territories?
John C. Calhoun
32. What were the two key elements of the Compromise of 1850?
California as free state and Fugitive Slave Act
33. What was the most controversial part of the Compromise of 1850?
Fugitive Slave Act
34. Who wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin?
Harriet Beecher Stowe
35. Laws enacted in many northern states that guaranteed to all residents, including alleged fugitives, the right to a jury trial.
Personal Liberty Laws
36. Who won the presidential election of 1852?
Franklin Pierce
37. A small part of land, now part of Arizona & New Mexico, acquired for the building of a railroad.
Gadsden Purchase (1853)
39. According to the Kansas-Nebraska act how would slavery be determined in those territories?
Popular sovereignty
40. The passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act led directly to the creation of what political party?
Republican Party
41. Political party formed in 1851 that drew on the anti-immigrant & anti-Catholic movements of the 1840s
Know-Nothing Party
42. Term for the bloody struggle over slavery in Kansas.
"Bleeding Kansas"
43. Who became the president of the U.S. after the election of 1856?
James Buchanan
44. 1857 Supreme Court case that declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.
Dred Scott v. Sandford
45: Chief Justice of U.S. Supreme Court that stated slaves were property, not citizens, and couldn't be free.
Roger B. Taney
47. An argument presented by Senator Stephen Douglas, that a territory's residents cold exclude slavery by not adopting laws to protect it.
Freeport Doctrine
48. Who led an abolitionist raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia in 1859?
John Brown
49. Who won the presidential election of 1860?
Abraham Lincoln
50. How many candidates were involved in the 1860 U.S. presidential election?
4
51. What year was gold discovered in California?
1848
52. Abraham Lincoln lost an election in 1858 when he was trying to become senator of what state?
Illinois
53. What was the first state to secede from the union?
South Carolina
54. Who was the president of the Confederate States of America?
Jefferson Davis
55. A proposed plan that called for a constitutional amendment to protect slavery from federal interference in any state where it already existed and for a westward extensionra of the Missouri Compromise line to the California border.
Crittenden Compromise
57. What four states joined the Confederacy after the fall of Fort Sumter?
Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina, Virginia
58. What were the four Border States?
Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri
59. Who became the top general of the Confederate Army in 1861?
Robert E. Lee
60. Who was the Lincoln's top military adviser, and architect of the "Anaconda" Plan?
Winfield Scott
61. Sometimes called the battle of Manassas, this was the first battle of the Civil War.
First Battle of Bull Run
62. This was the bloodiest single day battle of the Civil War.
Battle of Antietam
63. Lincoln dismissed this general because he was not aggressive enough.
George B. McClellan
64. What Union general became successful in the Mississippi Valley?
Ulysses S. Grant
65. What place did David G. Farragut successfully capture for the Union?
New Orleans
66. The mobilization of all of society's resources in support of the military.
Total war
67. A system for selecting individuals for conscription/military service.
Drafting
68. Who imposed the first legally binding conscription in American history?
Confederate Congress
69. Nickname for the war when yeoman farmers complained that people could pay for substitutes.
"A rich man's war and a poor man's fight"
70. A legal writ forcing government authorities to justify arrests and detentions of individuals.
Habeas corpus
71. This person served as a superintendent of female nurses, and later fought for better conditions in asylums.
Dorothea Dix
72. This Union nurse would help create the American Red Cross.
Clara Barton
73. Name four areas in which the Union held an economic advantage.
Population, farm acreage, factories, railroad mileage
74. This staple crop proved to be a major disadvantage to the south during the war.
Cotton
75. This law offered farmers "free land" after five years of residence.
Homestead Act
76. Whose economic "American System" program was far surpassed during the Civil War?
Henry Clay
77. The Union and Central Pacific started to build this in 1862.
Transcontinental Railroad
78. Paper money issued by the U.S. Treasury during the Civil War to finance the war effort.
Greenbacks
79. Because the Confederacy printed a lot of money during the war, what rate increased?
Inflation
80. Slaves who fled the plantations and sought protection behind Union lines during the Civil War.
"Contrabands"
81. Members of the Republicans who were bitterly opposed to slavery.
Radical/Abolitionist Republicans
82. Leader of Republicans in the Senate during the war.
Charles Sumner
83. Leader of the Republicans in the House of Representatives during the war.
Thaddeus Stevens
84. Issued after the Battle of Antietam, it freed all slaves in rebelling states.
Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation
85. This was the last fort along the Mississippi River, and was a turning point of the wara in the west when the Union won the battle for it.
Vicksburg
86. The bloodiest battle of the war, it lasted three days, and was a turning point in the east.
Battle of Gettysburg
87 This abolitionist and former slave urged African Americans to fight to win "the right to citizenship."
Frederick Douglass
88. This was the famous African American unit that led the charge on Fort Wagner, South Carolina.
54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment
89. Military service did not end discrimination as Black soldiers earned ______, compared to whites that earned ______.
$10 per month; $13 per month
90. The Union used railroads to rescue the endangered Union army near this place in Tennessee.
Chattanooga
91. Grant's willingness to accept heavy casualties earned him a reputation as a ____ of enemy armies and his own men.
Butcher
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