Intermolecular Forces

Exam 3 Prep

Ion-Dipole Interactions

Are the strongest Intermolecular Force (IMF), but weaker than most covalent bonds

Ions With Multiple Charges

What is the condition for having a stronger ion-dipole interaction?

Permanent Dipoles

If molecules have this, they are attracted to each other.

Hydrogen Bonds (H-Bonds)

Are a subset of dipoles for molecules with N-H, O-H, And F-H bonds (stronger than most dipolar IMFs)

Higher Boiling Points

If you have a stronger IMFs, you have:

Hydrogen Bonds and Dipole-Dipole

Which IMFS are in effect only if the molecules are close to each other (short-range interactions)

Ammonia, Acetamide, Methanol, and Hydrogen Fluoride

What are some molecules that can form hydrogen-bonds with its own kind?

Hydrogens (H) bound to N, O, or F

How to tell how many H-bond donors a molecule has?

The number of lone pairs on N, O (or F^-)

How to tell how many H-bond acceptor a molecule has?

Hydrogen Bond/ Molecule, Molecular Polarity, And Molar Mass

What affect the boiling point of a molecule?

Has Higher Heat Capacity Than Almost Any Other Material

Why is water a very special solvent?

High Surface Tension

H-Bonds of H₂O molecules point away from air and thus have:

Salts And Electrolytes

Water is able to dissolve large amounts of:

Ion-Induced Dipole (ID) Interaction

When nearby ion polarize (distort) electron cloud of nonpolar group, inducing a temporary dipole.

Dipole-ID interaction

When nearby dipole polarize (distort) electron cloud of nonpolar group, inducing a temporary dipole.

ID-ID interaction

When a nonpolar group has a temporary dipole (due to random motion of its electrons) and induce a dipole in a nearby nonpolar group.

ID’s And Strong

___ are individually weak, but collectively can be ______

Ion-Dipole

Which Intermolecular Force is this model?

H Bond

Which Intermolecular Force is this model?

Dipole-dipole

Which Intermolecular Force is this model?

Ion-ID

Which Intermolecular Force is this model?

Dipole-ID

Which Intermolecular Force is this model?

ID-ID

Which Intermolecular Force is this model?

Interact And Reacting

IMFs allow molecules to ______ without ______ (they can return to their original states)

Properties And Different Physical Forms

IMFs determine the ________ of bulk chemicals, and allow molecules to take on ____________________

ion > dipole > induced dipole (ID)

What is the rule for ranking intermolecular forces by strength?