Chemistry Unit 4 - Ions and Compounds

Sodium (Monatomic Cation)

Na⁺

Lead (II) (Monatomic Cation)

Pb²⁺

Lithium (Monatomic Cation)

Li⁺

Manganese (II) (Monatomic Cation)

Mn²⁺

Potassium (Monatomic Cation)

K⁺

Copper (II) (Monatomic Cation)

Cu²⁺

Calcium (Monatomic Cation)

Ca²⁺

Chromium (III) (Monatomic Cation)

Cr³⁺

Magnesium (Monatomic Cation)

Mg²⁺

Nickel (II) (Monatomic Cation)

Ni²⁺

Cesium (Monatomic Cation)

Cs⁺

Iron (III) (Monatomic Cation)

Fe³⁺

Aluminum (Monatomic Cation)

Al³⁺

Tin (II) (Monatomic Cation)

Sn²⁺

Barium (Monatomic Cation)

Ba²⁺

Silver (I) (Monatomic Cation)

Ag⁺

Strontium (Monatomic Cation)

Sr²⁺

Cobalt (II) (Monatomic Cation)

Co²⁺

Bromide (Monatomic Anion)

Br^-

Chloride (Monatomic Anion)

Cl^-

Iodide (Monatomic Anion)

I^-

Fluoride (Monatomic Anion)

F^-

Oxide (Monatomic Anion)

O^2-

Sulfide (Monatomic Anion)

S^2-

Nitride (Monatomic Anion)

N^3-

Phosphide (Monatomic Anion)

P^3-

Selenide (Monatomic Anion)

Se^2-

Steps for Name Ionic Compounds Containing only Monatomic Ions

1. Name the Cation (same name as the metal)

2. Name the Anion (the name of the nonmetallic element with its ending replaced by the suffix -ide)

Sodium Chloride

Na⁺ + Cl^- —> NaCl

Potassium Bromide

K⁺ + Br^- —> KBr

Calcium Fluoride

Ca²⁺ + F^- —> CaF₂

Sodium Sulfide

Na⁺ + S^2- —> Na₂S

Lithium Oxide

Li⁺ + O^2- —> Li₂O

Magnesium Nitride

Mg²⁺ + N^3- —> Mg₃N₂

Aluminum Oxide

Al³⁺ + O^2- —> Al₂O₃

Barium Iodide

Ba²⁺ + I^- —> BaI₂

Steps for Naming Ionic Compounds Containing Polyatomic Ions

1. Name the Cation (same name as the metal)

2. Name the polyatomic Anion (memorize the names of the polyatomic anions

Sulfate (Polyatomic Anion)

SO₄^2-

Sulfite (Polyatomic Anion)

SO₃^2-

Nitrate (Polyatomic Anion)

NO₃^-

Nitrite (Polyatomic Anion)

NO₂^-

Phosphate (Polyatomic Anion)

PO₄^3-

Phosphite (Polyatomic Anion)

PO₃^3-

Cyanide (Polyatomic Anion)

CN^-

Carbonate (Polyatomic Anion)

CO₃^2-

Hydroxide (Polyatomic Anion)

OH^-

Oxalate (Polyatomic Anion)

C₂O₄^2-

Ammonium (Polyatomic Cation)

NH₄⁺

Steps to Name Ionic Compounds Containing a metal Cation with a Variable Charge (e.g. transition metals = Groups 3 -12)

1. Name the Cation (same name as the metal)

2. Specify the charge on the Cation as a Roman Numeral in parenthesis after the name of the metal

3. name the Anion

Sodium Sulfate

Na⁺ + SO₄^2- —> Na₂SO₄

Magnesium Hydroxide

Mg²⁺ + OH^- —> Mg(OH)₂

Calcium Carbonate

Ca²⁺ + CO₃^2- —> CaCO₃

Potassium Nitrite

K⁺ + NO₂^- —> KNO₂

Barium Phosphate

Ba²⁺ + PO₄^3- —> Ba₃(PO₄)₂

Sodium Cyanide

Na⁺ + CN^- —> NaCN

Lithium Acetate

Li⁺ + C₂H₃O₂^- —> LiC₂H₃O₂

Ammonium Nitrate (THE EXCEPTION —> doesn’t contain a metal)

NH₄⁺ + NO₃^- —> NH₄NO₃

Chromium (III) Chloride

Cr³⁺ + Cl^- —> CrCl₃

Cobalt (II) Phosphate

Co²⁺ + PO₄^3- —> Co₃(PO₄)₂

Iron (III) Oxide

Fe³⁺ + O^2- —> Fe₂O₃

Copper (I) Oxide

Cu⁺ + O^2- —> Cu₂O

Manganese (II) Sulfate

Mn²⁺ + SO₄^2- —> MnSO₄

Nickel (II) Carbonate

Ni²⁺ + CO₃^2- —> NiCO₃

Tin (II) Biomide

Sn²⁺ + Br^- —> SnBr₂

Lead (IV) Sulfide

Pb⁴⁺ + S^2- —> PbS₂

Steps to Name Binary Molecular (Covalent) Compounds

1. Name the first element

2. add -ide to the stem of the name of the second element

3. indicate the number of each element by the use of Greek Prefixes

Mono-

Greek Prefix for 1

Di-

Greek Prefix for 2

Tri-

Greek Prefix for 3

Tetra-

Greek Prefix for 4

Penta-

Greek Prefix for 5

Hexa-

Greek Prefix for 6

Hepta-

Greek Prefix for 7

Octa-

Greek Prefix for 8

Nona-

Greek Prefix for 9

Deca-

Greek Prefix for 10

Rules for the prefix mono-

generally omitted for the first element

Pronunciation rules for prefixes

usually eliminate the last letter of a prefix that ends in “o” or “a” when naming an oxide

Dinitrogen Trioxide

N₂O₃

Tetraphosphorus Pentachloride

P₄Cl₅

Carbon Monoxide

CO

Carbon Dioxide

CO₂

Sulfur Dioxide

SO₂

Sulfur Trioxide

SO₃

Nitrogen Dioxide

NO₂

Dinitrogen Pentoxide

N₂O₅

Dinitrogen Trioxide

N₂O₃

Tetraphosphorus Trisulfide

P₄S₃

Dichlorine Heptoxide

Cl₂O₇

Tetraphosphorus Decasulfide

P₄S₁₀

What Makes up an Oxyacid

Hydrogen + Nonmetal + Oxygen

What Makes Up a Binary Acid

Hydrogen + Nonmetal

Steps To Name a Binary Acid

1. Start with hydro-

2. Use the root of the nonmetal

3. Add -ic acid

Steps to Name a Oxyacid

1. Find the polyatomic ion (the part containing Oxygen)

2. if the ion ends in -ate/ has more Oxygen —> change to -ic acid

3. if the ion ends in -ite/ has less Oxygen —> change to -rous acid

Hydrofluoric Acid (Binary Acid)

HF

Hydrochloric Acid

HCl

Hydrobromic Acid (Binary Acid)

HBr

Hydroiodic Acid (Binary Acid)

HI

Nitric Acid (Oxyacid)

HNO₃

Nitrous Acid (Oxyacid)

HNO₂