Unit 2 Revolution and Early Republic

Dunmore's Decree/Proclamation

Offered freedom to enslaved people who fought for Britain in the American Revolution

Saratoga

Turning point of the American Revolution- a victory for the colonists that led the French to help

Quartering Act

Colonists were forced shelter British soldiers in their homes

Mercantilism

The belief that colonies existed to enrich the "mother country" by providing natural resources and a market for goods

Proclamation of 1763

Prohibited colonial settlement west of the

Appalachian Mountains after the French and Indian War

Lexington and Concord

"First shots of the American Revolution"

Loyalists (Tories)

Supported the British in the American Revolution

Patriots

Supported independence in the Revolution

Albany Plan of Union

A plan led by Ben Franklin to unify the 13 colonies under a central government

Republican Motherhood

Women's roles post revolution stated that women were to be the educators of their children, especially boys, to help them become patriotic citizens

Virtual Representation

The British theory that Parliament represented all British subjects, including American colonists, regardless of whether they had elected representatives

Navigation Acts

Laws passed by Britain to control colonial trade to benefit the British

Yorktown

Battle won by the colonists that ended the American Revolution

Salutary Neglect

Loose enforcement and regulation by the British towards the colonies

Stamp Act Congress

Meeting of delegates from 9 colonies to protest the Stamp Act and that colonists were being taxed without their consent

1st Continental Congress

Met to unify colonial responses to Britain's Intolerable Acts and lead a boycott of British goods

2nd Continental Congress

Met at start of the Revolution to create the Continental Army, make George Washington it's leader, print money and create a delegation to deal with foreign nations

Pontiac's Rebellion

Rebellion of Native Americans after the

French and Indian War due to Britain's encroachment on their lands.

This led to the passage of the Proclamation of 1763.

Sons/Daughters of Liberty

Protest organizations that developed in the colonies that organized boycotts and protests against British tax policies

Declaratory Act

Britain asserted they had complete authority to legislate for the American colonies

Compact Theory

The belief that the US Constitution and government was formed by an agreement (compact) among individual states and states therefore have the final say to determine if the Federal government is exceeding its power 

Whiskey Rebellion

Uprising in western Pennsylvania against Hamilton’s excise tax on whiskey. Washington asserted federal authority by leading troops to quell the unrest, demonstrating the government's ability to enforce laws.

Anti-Federalists

Opponents of the US Constitution who favored stronger state governments over a central government. They advocated for individual liberties and were instrumental in the adoption of the Bill of Rights.

Federalists

Supporters of the US Constitution who advocated for a strong central government and believed that the Constitution provided necessary checks and balances to prevent tyranny.

Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions

Political statements drafted in 1798 and 1799, asserting that states had the right to nullify federal laws they deemed unconstitutional. These resolutions were a response to the Alien and Sedition Acts and highlighted the conflict between state and federal authority.

Hamilton’s Economic Plan

A series of measures proposed by Alexander Hamilton in the late 1780s, aimed at stabilizing and improving the nation's economy through federal assumption of state debts, the establishment of a national bank, and support for manufacturing.

Annapolis Convention

A failed trade meeting held in 1786 where delegates from five states discussed the need for a stronger national government, ultimately leading to the Constitutional Convention.