Carbohydrate&itsPhysico-chemical Properties

Which of the following is an epimer of glucose at C-4?

• A. Fructose

• B. Galactose

• C. Mannose

• D. Ribose

Answer: B. Galactose

What type of glycosidic bond is found in starch?

• A. β-1,4

• B. α-1,4

• C. α-1,6

• D. Both B and C

Answer: D. Both B and C

Which polysaccharide cannot be digested by human enzymes?

• A. Starch

• B. Glycogen

• C. Cellulose

• D. Amylopectin

Answer: C. Cellulose

What is the major storage form of carbohydrates in animals?

• A. Starch

• B. Cellulose

• C. Glycogen

• D. Amylose

Answer: C. Glycogen

Which monosaccharide is the main metabolic fuel in humans?

• A. Fructose

• B. Galactose

• C. Glucose

• D. Mannose

Answer: C. Glucose

What is the linkage in lactose?

• A. α-1,4

• B. β-1,4

• C. α-1,6

• D. β-1,6

Answer: B. β-1,4

Which enzyme hydrolyzes sucrose?

• A. Amylase

• B. Sucrase

• C. Lactase

• D. Isomerase

Answer: B. Sucrase

Which glycosaminoglycan is found in the vitreous humor of the eye?

• A. Heparin

• B. Hyaluronic acid

• C. Chondroitin sulfate

• D. Keratan sulfate

Answer: B. Hyaluronic acid

Which carbohydrate is excreted in urine during hyperglycemia?

• A. Galactose

• B. Glucose

• C. Fructose

• D. Maltose

Answer: B. Glucose

What differentiates α-D-glucose from β-D-glucose(exist in pyranose ring) ?

• A. Position of –CH₂OH

• B. Position of –OH at C-1

• C. Type of glycosidic linkage

• D. Number of carbon atoms

Answer: B. Position of –OH at C-1 (alpha down , beta up)

All monosaccharides are reducing sugars.

Answer: True

Humans can digest β-glycosidic bonds in cellulose.

Answer: False

D-glucose is the only form metabolized by humans.

Answer: True

Glycogen is stored exclusively in the liver.

Answer: False
Explanation: It is also stored in muscles.

Lactase breaks down maltose into glucose and galactose.

Answer: False

it breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose

Anomers differ in configuration around the first carbon atom in aldoses.

Answer: True

Amylose is a straight-chain polysaccharide.

Answer: True

Fructose is a ketohexose.

Answer: True

Glycosidic bonds in starch are β-1,4 linkages.

Answer: False

Epimers differ at all stereocenters.

1. Answer: False

What are the two components of starch?

Answer: Amylose (linear) and amylopectin (branched).

What monosaccharides form sucrose?

Answer: Glucose and fructose.

Which enzyme digests α-1,4 linkages in glycogen?

Answer: α-Amylase.

What is the structural difference between aldoses and ketoses?

Answer: Aldoses have an aldehyde group; ketoses have a ketone group

What is the main sugar excreted in urine during hyperglycemia?

Answer: Glucose.