Exam 1 Psych WHOLE

dysfunctional distress

occurs when person is much more distressed than others would be

impairment

must be pervasive and/or significant

mental disorders

often exaggerations of normal processes

culture

Consider normalcy relative to the behavior of others in the same cultural context

rule of thumb

mental disorder=harmful dysfunction

dysfunction

disruption socially and occupationally

distress

upsetting, unpleasant to most everyone around

deviance

statistical and cultural devaince from the norm

danger

risk of harm to self/others

DSM - 5

diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders

psychological disorder

behavioral, psychological, or biological dysfunction that is unexpected in their cultural context and associated with present distress and/or impairment in functioning, or increased risk of suffering, death, pain, or impairment

psychopathology

scienctific study of psychological disorders

PhD

clinical and counseling psychologist (trained in research and delivering treatment)

PsyD

clinical and counseling “doctor of psychology” (trained for delivering treatment)

MD

psychiatrist — RX

psychiatric nurse

sometimes can give mends

LCSW

licensed clinical social worker (trained in delivering treatment)

scientist-practitioner

stays current with research in field, evaluates own assement and treatment, conducts research

mental health professional — consumer of science

enhancing the practice

mental health professional — evaluator of science

determining the effectiveness of the practice

mental health professional — creator of science

conducting research that leads to new procedures useful in practice

clinical description

starts with a presenting problem (a symptom)

clinical description aims to

distinguish clinically significant dysfunction from common human experience

clinical description describes

prevalence an incidence of disorders

prevalence

how many people in a population have the disorder

incidence

number of new cases over a period of time

acute onset

sudden onset - waking up to a panic attack for the first time

insidious onset

gradual - emotion that builds over time

course of disorders

episodic (here/there), time-limited (4-week depression cycle), or chronic (long-term)

prognosis

good vs. guarded, the anticipated course

etiology

what contributes to the development of psychopathy

treatment development

How can we help alleviate psychological suffering? This includes: pharmacological, psychosocial, and/or combined treatments

historical concepts of abnormal behavior

supernatural, biological, psychological

supernatural tradition

Deviant behavior as a battle of good/evil. Believed to be caused by demonic possession, witchcraft, or sorcery. Treatment included exorcism, torture, religious services

supernatural tradition treatment

rest, sleep, health, environment, baths, potions

treatment for possession

shocking or scaring the spirits

emotion cognition

experience of an emotion seems to spread to those around us

mob psychology

if one person identifies a “cause” of a problem, others may assume that their own reactions have the same source

paracelsus

swiss physician suggested that mental health problems are affected by the pull of the moon and stars (lunatic)

the biological tradition

Hipppocrites (460-377 BC)

Father of modern Western medicine

Linked abnormality with brain chemical imbalances

etiology of mental disorders

physical disease

the wondering uterus

Psychological symptoms were a result of the uterus moving around the body

humoral theory of disorders

functioning is related to having too much or too little of four key bodily fluids (blood, phlegm, black bile, yellow bile)

sanguine

blood, cheerful and optimistic, insomnia and delirium caused by too much blood in the brain

melancholic

black bile, depressive

phlegmatic

phlegm, apathy and sluggishness

choleric

yellow bile, hot tempered

choleric treatment

treated by changing environmental conditions or bloodletting/vomiting

John P. Grey and the reformers

A psychiatrist who believed mental illness had physical roots.

Championed the biological tradition in the U.S.

Led to reforms of hospitals to give psychiatric patients better care.

the psychological tradition

the rise of moral therapy

more humane treatment of institutionalized patients

encouraged and reinforced social interactions

treat patients as normally as possible in normal environment

Philippe Pinel and Jean-Baptiste Pussin

patients should not be restrained

Benjamin Rush

led reforms in US

Dorothea Dix

mental hygiene movement

asylum reform

more patients getting care

Freudian theory of the structure and function of the mind

unconscious

catharsis (helpful release of emotions)

psychoanalytic model sought to explain development and personality

structure of the mind

ID (pleasure principle; illogical, emotional, irrational)

superego (moral principles)

ego (rational; mediates between superego/id)