Skeletal System - Anatomy Midterm

mature bone

osteocytes

responsible for bone remodeling

osteoclasts and osteoblasts

osteocytes

regulate existing bone, completely surrounded by matrix

osteoclasts

erode and recycle bone matrix during remodeling, calcium

osteoblasts

deposit new bone matrix

the ends of long bones

epiphysis

long bone shaft

diaphysis

membrane that covers the outer surface of bones

periosteum

fingers and toes

phalanges

breastbone

sternum

kneecap

patella

shoulder blade

scapula

thigh bone

femur

long bones of hand

metacarpals

upper jaw

mandible

collar bone

clavicle

thumb side forearm

radius

shin bone

tibia

wrist bones

carpals

upper arm bone

humorous

little finger/pinky forearm

ulna

long bones

humorous

tibia

femur

short bones

tarsals

carpals

flat bones

sternum

parietal

irregular — usually cant fall under any other bone type

sacrum

vertebrae

formed from fused vertebrae

sacrum and coccyx

how many bones in the cranium

8

frontal, parietal (2), occipital, temporal (2), sphenoid, ethmoid

how many facial bones

14

number of metatarsal bones

10

number of tarsal bones

10

number of phalange bones

56

number of carpal bones

16

number of cervical vertebrae

7

number of thoracic vertebrae

12

number of lumbar vertebrae

5

number of pairs of true ribs

7

number of pairs of false ribs

5

number of clavicle bones

2

scoliosis symptoms

• Sideways curvature of the spine “c” or “s”

• Common in children

• Uneven shoulders or hips

scoliosis treatments

Exercise

PT - if curvature is small

Wear brace

Surgery

osteoporosis symptoms

• Loss of height

• Stooped posture

• Back pain from spinal fixtures

osteoporosis treatments

Calcium and Vitamin D intake

Weight bearing exercises

Medications

paget’s disease symptoms

• Bone pain

• Numbness or tingling

• Headaches

• Hearing loss

• No symptoms but find out through x-ray

paget’s disease treatments

Pain relievers

Surgery

Change in lifestyle exercise

Slow bone erosion using biophosphates

osteomalacia symptoms

• Aching bone pain, hips and legs

• Muscle weakness

• Cramps and fatigue

• Waddling gait

osteomalacia treatments

Taking vitamin D and calcium supplements

Exposure to sunlight

Dietary changes

word that means dried up body

skeleton

hard, dense bone

compact bone

fracture that breaks bone into many fragments

comminuted

fracture that crushes bone

compression

fracture in which broken bone is pressed inward

depressed

fracture in which broken bone ends are forced into each other

impacted

fracture in which broken bones are twisted, spiral shape

spiral

fracture in which bone is broken incompletely

greenstick

first stage of bone fracture healing

hematoma formation

second stage of bone fracture healing

fibrocartilage callus formation

third stage of bone fracture healing

bony callus formation

fourth stage of bone fracture healing

bone remodeling

axial skeleton

longitudinal axis of the body —

skull

thoracic cage (ribs & sternum)

vertebral column

sacrum & coccyx

appendicular skeleton

composed of 126 bones of the limbs (appendages)

pectoral and pelvic girdles — attach limbs to axial skeleton

arms, legs

upper and lower limbs

longest and strongest bone of the body

femur

attach bone to bone

ligaments (BBL - Bone Bone Ligament)

dislocation

takes longer to heal than a fracture

bone dislocates at joint

types of arthritis

osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis

osteoarthritis

chronic degenerative condition causing cartilage to wear down and bones to rub

rheumatoid arthritis

chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder

gouty arthritis

uric acid accumulates in blood

number of bones in human body

206

functions of the skeletal system

1. support/framework *

2. protect soft tissue

3. levers for movement w/ muscle

4. stores minerals & fats

5. blood cell formation

what is responsible for blood cell formation

bone marrow

skeletal components

bone, joint, cartilage, tendon, ligament

what connects bone to muscle

tendon

is bone living tissue

yes

type of bone responsible for making red blood cells

flat bones

types of bone tissue

spongy and compact

spongy bones contain

red bone marrow

consist of mostly compact bone

long bone

consist of mostly spongy bone

short bones

arteries…

nourish bone cells

embryo skeleton

hyaline cartilage

what happens with growth at the epiphysial plates

old cartilage ossifies → new cartilage forms

hematoma

bruise

compound (open) fracture

broken bone that penetrates skin

simple (closed) fracture

broken bone that does not penetrate skin