The Body Section from Book

Transverse Plane

Goes through upper half of body horizontally

Sagittal plane

Goes through middle of the body vertically

Coronal plane

Goes through body unsymmetrically vertically

Flexion

Goes up according to body, flexing towards the body

Extension

extends out away from body

Adduction

goes in towards the body

Abduction

Goes away from body

Medial

Towards the middle of the body

Laterla

Away from the body

superior

Goes to the top of the body

Inferior

Goes down the body

Proximal

Goes closer in proximity to the body 

Distal

Goes farther away from the body

Red blood cells

Lack nucleus and organelles. Packed with hemoglobin (iron-containing molecule that binds with oxygen that gives blood its red color)

Adipose cells

Highly adapted for fat storage, most of the interior is taken up by a large droplet of semiliquid fat

Sperm cells

Sperm have a tail that enables them to swim up the female reproductive tract to fertilize an egg

Photoreceptor cells

Found at the back of the eye, it contains light sensitive pigment

Epithelial cells

Barrier cells lining cavities and surfaces of the body, such as skin and lining of the lungs and reproductive tract

nerve cells

Electrically excitable cells transmit action potentials down the axon. Information conveyors and processors. Communicate with each other across connections called synapses

Egg cells

One of the largest cells in the human body

Smooth muscle cells

Three types of muscle cell, smooth muscle cells are spindle-shaped cells found in the arteries and digestive tract that produce long, wavelike contractions

Loose connective tissue

Holds organs in place and provides support

Dense connective tissue

base layer of skin, and forms structures such as ligaments and tendons

Epithelial tissue

forms a covering or lining for internal and external body surfaces

Adipose tissue

type of connective tissue, main function is to act as an energy store, and to cushion, protect, and insulate the body

Skeletal muscle

performs voluntary movements, arranged into bundles of fibers, which connect to bones via tendons and act across joints

smooth muscle

it helps maintain BP. In the intestine, it propels food through the digestive tract

Nervous tissue

Forms the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, regulates many many body functions

Skeletal system

Provides the body with structural support and protection. Also provides support for many bodily systems. Main components are skull, vertebral column, ribs, sternum, limb bones, shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle, and ligaments

Muscular and integumentary systems

Responsible for generating movement, both of the limbs and within other body systems, such as the digestive system and respiratory system. Main components are skeletal muscles, smooth muscle within organs, cardiac muscle of heart, tendons, skin, hair, and nails

nervous systems

communicates via networks of nerve cells, which connect with other body systems The brain monitors and controls these systems. Main components are brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and sense organs

Respiratory system

Gives oxygen to things that need it. Main components are nasal, other air passages in the skull, pharynx, trachea, lungs, airways in lungs, diaphragm, other respiratory muscles

Cardiovascular system

uses blood to carry oxygen from the lungs and nutrients from the digestive system to all the body's cells. Main components are heart, major blood vessels, minor blood vessels, capillaries, and blood

Lymphatic and immune systems

maintain fluid balance in the cardiovascular system and to distribute immune cells. Main components are lymph nodes, ducts, vessels, tonsils, adenoid, spleen, thymus gland, lymph fluid, white blood cells, antibodies

Digestive system

Breaks down the food that we eat so that vital nutrients can be absorbed from the intestines into the circulatory system and transported to the cells. Main components are mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder

Endocrine system

communicates messages between the body’s systems, enabling them to be monitored and controlled. Main components are pituitary gland, hypothalamus, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal, heart, stomach, intestines

Urinary system

Filtering blood through the kidneys and producing urine. Main components are kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra

Reproductive system

Making life. Main components are in female ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina external genitalia, and breasts. In males testes, spermatic ducts, seminal vesicles, urethra, penis, prostate, and bulbourethral glands

Cartilage

Found in joints between bones, and in the ear and nose