Pyruvate oxidation

Location of Pyruvate Oxidation

Occurs in the mitochondrial matrix after pyruvate is transported through mitochondrial membranes.

Decarboxylation in Pyruvate Oxidation

A low-energy carboxyl group is removed from pyruvate as CO₂, catalyzed by pyruvate decarboxylase.

Oxidation in Pyruvate Oxidation

The two-carbon compound is oxidized to form acetate, and NAD⁺ is reduced to NADH.

Formation of Acetyl-CoA

Acetyl-CoA is formed when Coenzyme A (CoA) binds to acetate, with an unstable carbon-sulfur bond.

Fate of Acetyl-CoA

Enters the Krebs cycle for ATP production or can be used in lipid synthesis.

Fate of NADH

Moves to the electron transport chain for ATP production.

Significance of Acetyl-CoA

Acts as a metabolic crossroad, directing energy toward ATP production or fat storage based on energy needs.

What happens to CO₂ in Pyruvate Oxidation?

CO₂ diffuses out as waste from the mitochondrion and cell.

Role of Acetyl-CoA in energy metabolism

Central to energy metabolism; directs energy based on ATP levels.

Effect of excess nutrient consumption on fat accumulation

Excess nutrients lead to fat accumulation as acetyl-CoA is diverted into lipid synthesis when ATP levels are sufficient.