Chapter 12 Integumentary

Cry/o

Cold

Cutane/o

Skin

Derm/o, Dermat/o

Skin

Hidr/o

Sweat

Hirsut/o

Hairy, rough

Lip/o

Fat, lipid

Melan/o

Black, dark

Myc/o

Fungus

Onych/o

Fingernail, toenail

Pil/i, pil/o

Hair

Py/o

Pus

Rhytid/o

Wrinkle

Seb/o

Sebum

Urtic/o

Rash, hives

Xer/o

Dry

Actinic keratosis (AK) (Solar keratosis)

Pre-cancerous skin growth that occurs on sun-damaged skin.

Albinism

Genetic condition characterized by a deficiency or absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and irises of the eyes.

Alopecia

Partial or complete loss of hair, most commonly on the scalp.

Blepharoplasty

Surgical reduction of the upper and lower eyelids by removing sagging skin.

Bulla

Large blister that is usually more than 0.5 cm in diameter.

Capillary hemangioma (strawberry birthmark)

Soft, raised, pink, or red vascular birthmark.

Carbuncle

Cluster of connected furuncles (boils).

Cellulitis

Acute, rapidly spreading bacterial infection within the connective tissues of the skin.

Cicatrix

Normal scar resulting from the healing of a wound.

Comedo

Noninfected lesion formed by the buildup of sebum and keratin in a hair follicle.

Debridement

Removal of dirt, foreign objects, damaged tissue, and cellular debris from a wound to prevent infection and to promote healing.

Dermatitis

Inflammation of the skin.

Diaphoresis

Profuse sweating.

Dysplastic nevi

Atypical moles that can develop into skin cancer.

Ecchymosis (bruise)

Large, irregular area of purplish discoloration due to bleeding under the skin.

Eczema (atopic dermatitis)

Form of recurring dermatitis characterized by itching, redness, and dryness.

Erythema

Redness of the skin due to capillary dilation.

Erythroderma

Abnormal redness of the entire skin surface.

Exanthem

Widespread rash, usually in children.

Exfoliative dermatitis

Condition in which there is widespread scaling of the skin.

Folliculitis

Inflammation of the hair follicles.

Furuncles (boils)

Large, tender, swollen areas caused by a staphylococcal infection around hair follicles or sebaceous glands.

Hematoma

Swelling of clotted blood trapped in the tissues.

Hirsutism

Excessive bodily and facial hair in women, usually occurring in a male pattern.

Ichthyosis

Group of disorders characterized by dry, thickened, and scaly skin.

Impetigo

Highly contagious bacterial skin infection characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture.

Keloid

Abnormally raised or thickened scar that expands beyond the boundaries of the original incision.

Keratosis

Any skin growth, such as a wart or a callus, in which there is overgrowth and thickening of the skin.

Koilonychia

Malformation of the nails in which the outer surface is concave or scooped out like the bowl of a spoon.

Lipedema (painful fat syndrome)

Chronic abnormal condition characterized by the accumulation of fat and fluid in the tissues just under the skin of the hips and legs.

Lipoma

Benign, slow-growing fatty tumor located between the skin and the muscle layer.

Macule (macula)

Discolored, flat spot on the skin that is less than 1 cm in diameter.

Malignant melanoma (MM)

Type of skin cancer that occurs in the melanocytes.

Melasma (chloasma)

Pigmentation disorder characterized by brownish spots on the face.

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF)

Rare, severe infection caused by group A strep bacteria. Known as flesh-eating bacteria.

Onychocryptosis

Ingrown toenail.

Onychomyosis

Fungal infection of the nail.

Papilloma

Benign, superficial, wart-like growth on the epithelial tissue or elsewhere in the body, such as in the bladder.

Papule

Small, raised red lesion on the skin that is less than 0.5 cm in diameter.

Paronychia

Acute or chronic infection of the skin fold around a nail.

Pediculosis

Infection with lice.

Petechiae

Very small pinpoint hemorrhages on the skin less than 2 mm in diameter.

Pressure ulcer (bedsore/decubitus ulcer)

Open ulcerated wound that is caused by prolonged pressure on an area of skin over a bony prominence.

Pruritus

Itching

Psoriasis (Ps)

Common skin disorder characterized by flare-ups in which red papules covered with silvery scales occur on the elbows, knees, scalp, back, or buttocks.

Purpura

Multiple purple discolorations on the skin caused by bleeding underneath the skin.

Purulent

Producing or containing pus.

Rhytidectomy (face lift)

Surgical removal of excess skin and fat from the face to eliminate wrinkles.

Rosacea (adult acne)

Chronic skin condition of unknown cause that produces tiny red pimples and enlarged blood vessels on the face.

Scabies

Skin infection caused by an infestation of itch mites.

Scleroderma (SCD)

Autoimmune disorder in which the connective tissues become thickened and hardened, causing the skin to become hard and swollen.

Seborrheic dermatitis

Inflammation resulting from overactivity of the sebaceous glands that causes scaling and itching of the upper layers of the skin or scalp.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)

Malignant tumor of the scaly squamous cells of the epithelium that can quickly spread to other body systems.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (Lupus)

Autoimmune disorder characterized by a red, scaly rash on the face and upper trunk that also attacks the connective tissue in other body systems.

Tinea (ringworm)

Fungal infection that can grow on the skin, hair, or nails

Urticaria (hives)

Itchy wheals on the skin caused by an allergic reaction.

Verrucae (warts)

Small, hard skin lesions caused by the human papillomavirus.

Vitiligo

Skin condition resulting from the destruction of melanocytes due to unknown causes, resulting in irregular patches of white skin.

Wheal (welt)

Small bump on the skin that itches.

Xeroderma (Xerosis)

Excessively dry skin.

Integumentary system

Made up of skin and its related structures, performs important functions in maintaining the health of the body.

Integument

Comes from the Latin word meaning to cover or enclose

Forms the protective outer layer covering the external surfaces of the entire body.

Skin

Help regulate body temperature and water content by secreting sweat.

Sweat glands

(_____) protect the dorsal surface of the last bone of each toe and finger.

Nails

Epidermis

Outermost layer of the skin, is made up of several specialized epithelial tissues.

Epithelial tissue

Form a protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body.

Squamous epithelial tissue

Forms the upper layer of the epidermis.

Basal layer

Lowest layer of the epidermis, produces new cells.

Keratin

Fibrous, water-repellent protein.

Soft keratin

Primary component of the epidermis.

Hard keratin

Found in hair and nails.

Melanocytes

Special cells that are found in the basal cell layer. They produce and contain a pigment known a melanin.

Melanin

Pigment that determines the color of the skin.

Ultraviolet

Light that is beyond the visible spectrum at the violet end.

What protects the skin from harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays ?

Melanin

Dermis (corium)

Thick layer of living tissue directly below the epidermis. It contains connective tissue, blood and lymph vessels, and nerve fibers.

What is another term for dermis?

Corium

Collagen

Tough yet flexible fibrous protein material found in the skin and also in the bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.

Mast cells

Found in the connective tissue of the dermis, respond to injury, infection, or allergy by producing and releasing substances, including heparin and histamine.

Heparin

Released in response to an injury, is an anticoagulant.

Anticoagulant

Prevents blood clotting

Sensory nerve endings

Sensory receptors in the dermis for stimuli such as touch, temperature, pain, and pressure.

Histamine

Released in response to allergens, causes the symptoms of an allergic response, including itching and increased mucus secretion.

Subcutaneous layer

Located just below the layers of the skin and connects the skin to the surface muscles.