Computer Science Flashcards

Flashcards from the Computer Science Coursebook

Studying software

__ involves learning about the different programming concepts and how to apply these in different programming languages.

motherboard

The is a very important component in a computer. All the other components in the computer plug into the .

central processing unit (CPU)

The __is a very important component within a computer. It is known as the brains of the computer.

random access memory (RAM)

The __ is the component that temporarily stores data in a computer that is waiting to be processed.

graphics card

A __ is the component in the computer that is responsible for producing the images that you see on your computer screen.

hard drive

The __ is where all the files and software that you use on your computer are permanently stored.

Hexadecimal

__ is a base-16 number system that uses the values 0-9 and characters A-F.

Binary

__ is a base-2 number system that uses the values 0 and 1.

MAC address

__ is a unique address that is given to a computer at the manufacturing stage that can be used to identify the computer.

overflow error

__ is a type of error that occurs when a number larger than a register can store is generated.

character set

A __ contains all the characters that are in that character set and the binary value that is assigned to each character.

pixel

A __ is a very small dot of color that is displayed with many others to create an image.

resolution

The __ are the dimensions of an image.

Metadata

__ is additional data that is stored with an image that can provide information such as the dimensions of the image and the time and date the image was taken.

color depth

The __ is the number of bits that are used to create each color in an image

sound sampling

__ is a little piece of sound that is recorded at regular time intervals.

sample rate

The __ is the number of samples recorded each second.

sample resolution

The __ is the number of bits that are used to record each sound sample.

Compression

__ is a method that uses an algorithm to reduce the size of a file.

Lossy

__ is a compression method that reduces the size of a file by permanently removing data.

Lossless

__ is a compression method that reduces the size of a file by temporarily altering the data.

Perceptual music shaping

__ is a process that is used in lossy compression that removes sounds that are not normally heard by the human ear.

Run length encoding (RLE)

__ is an algorithm that groups together repeating patterns and indexes them.

packet

A __ is a small unit of data

packet header

The __ is a section of a packet of data that contains information about the contents of the packet and its destination.

internet protocol (IP) address

__ is the unique address that is given to a device when it is connected to a network.

payload

The __ is the actual data that the user is sending to the receiver.

trailer

The __ is a section of a packet of data that contains information about any error-checking methods that may be used.

packet switching

__ is a method of transmitting data packets across a network. Each data packet is able to take an individual pathway across the network.

Networks

__ are computers and devices that are joined together using cables or wireless technology.

router

A __ is a network component that examines a data packet to obtain its destination address and then forward the packet to this address.

Serial

__ is a transmission method where data is sent one bit at a time down a single wire.

Parallel

__ is a transmission method where data is sent multiple bits at a time down multiple wires.

Interference

__ is disruption, such as electromagnetism, to data when it is transmitted.

Simplex

__ is a transmission method where data is transmitted in a single direction only.

Half-duplex

__ is a transmission method where data is transmitted in both directions, but only one direction at a time. .

Full-duplex

__ is a transmission method where data is transmitted in both directions at the same time.

USB

__ is an industry standard that is used to transmit data.

USB port

A __ is a socket that is a part of a device or computer that enables you to insert a USB cable.

USB cable

A __ is a type of transmission media that uses the USB method to transmit data.

USB connection

A __ is a collective name for using a USB cable plugged into a USB port to transfer data from one device to another.

USB device

The __ is the name of a device that plugs into a USB port on a computer.

Ethernet

__ is another type of connection that can be used to transmit data within a network.

parity check

A __ is a type of error detection method that adds an additional bit to each byte to create an odd or even sum.

checksum

A __ is a type of error detection method that performs a calculation on the data to create a checksum value. Checksum values are compared after transmission to see if they match.

echo check

An __ is a type of error detection method that sends a copy of the transmitted data back to the sender to be compared with the original data sent.

automatic repeat request (ARQ)

An __ is a type of error detection method that uses acknowledgement and timeout to see if data has arrived correctly after transmission.

Acknowledgement

__ is a message that is sent from one device to another to indicate whether data is received correctly.

timeout

A __ is a period of time that is set and used to wait for an acknowledgement to be received.

check digit

A __ is a type of error detection method that is used for data entry. A calculation is performed on the data entered to create a value. Check digit values are compared to see if the data entered is correct.

Encryption

__ is a method of securing data for storage or transmission that scrambles it and makes it meaningless.

Plain text

__ is the name given to data before encryption.

encryption key

An __ is a type of algorithm that is used to encrypt data.

Cipher text

__ is the name given to data after transmission.

Symmetric

__ is a type of encryption that uses the same key to encrypt and decrypt data.

Asymmetric

__ is a type of encryption that uses two different keys to encrypt and decrypt data.

central processing unit (CPU)

A __ is a component in a computer system that processes data and instructions

microprocessor

A __ is an integrated circuit that is able to perform many of the functions of a CPU.

embedded system

An __ is a computer system that performs a dedicated function.

fetch-decode execute cycle

The __ is the cycle through which data and instructions are processed

architecture

__ is the design of a computer system, including the components it contains

input device

An __ is a device that allows data to be entered into a computer system.

RAM (random access memory)

__ is a component in the CPU that holds data and programs that are currently in use.

hard drive

A __ is a storage device that stores data permanently, until it is deleted by the user.

program counter (PC)

The __ is a component in the CPU that stores the address of the next instruction to be processed.

address

An __ is a memory location in RAM.

memory address register (MAR)

The __ is a component in the CPU that holds the address of the data or instruction to be located in RAM.

address bus

The __ are wires used for the transmission of addresses between components in a computer.

memory data register (MDR)

The __ is a component in the CPU that holds the data or instruction that are fetched from RAM.

data bus

The __ are wires used for the transmission of data and instructions between components in a computer.

current instruction register (CIR)

The __ is a register that is built into the CU that holds the current instruction that is being processed in the CPU.

control unit (CU)

The __ is the component in the CPU that controls all the operations in the CPU.

instruction set

The __ is a set of commands that can be processed by a certain CPU.

arithmetic logic unit (ALU)

The __ is the component in the CPU that performs all the mathematical and logical operations required when processing data and instruction.

accumulator (ACC)

The __ Is a register that is built into the ALU that stores the result of any interim calculations.

control bus

The __ are wires used for the transmission of control signals between components in a computer.

core

The __ is the part of the CPU that contains all the components that are used to perform the fetch-decode execute cycle.

clock speed

The __ is the number of fetch decode-execute cycles that can be performed in a second.

cache

The __ is a type of storage that is built into the CPU, to store the most frequently used data and instructions.

output device

An __ is a device that can be used to obtain the results of data that has been processed.

sensor

A __ is a type of input device that is used to capture data from its immediate environment

automated system

An __ is a system that is designed to operate without the need for any human intervention.

primary storage

__ is a type of storage that is directly accessed by the CPU.

secondary storage

__ is a type of storage that is designed to store data permanently, until it is deleted by the user.

ROM (read only memory)

__ is a type of primary storage that stores the start up instruction for the computer.

magnetic storage

__ is a type of secondary storage that uses the properties of magnetism to store data.

optical storage

__ is a type of secondary storage that uses lasers to store data.

solid-state storage

__ is a type of secondary storage that uses transistors to store data.

semiconductor chips

__ are an electronic circuit, where transistors are set on a semiconductor material, such as silicon.

page

The __ is a unit of data.

virtual memory

__ is a type of memory that can be used as an extension to the RAM.

cloud storage

__ which is data storage that is owned by a third party and accessed by the user, using the internet.

server

A __ is a component that acts as a central resource for the storage of data and applications or for providing a service.

Internet of Things

__ the connection of computer systems and everyday devices, using the internet, to allow data to be exchanged.