Plasma proteins

Prealbumin

Indicator of nutrition

• Binds thyroid hormones (T3, T4)

• Binds retinol-binding protein (vit. A)

• migrates most anodally (toward the positive pole)

other name is TBPA

• synthesize in the liver.

Albumin

Binds bilirubin, steroids, fatty acids, calcium, drugs and organic drugs. • Major contributor to oncotic pressure • Reservoir of amino acids

a1 –antitrypsin

• acute phase reactant , protease inhibitor , inhibits neutrophil elastase

• inactivate trypsin and other proteolytic enzymes

• in congenital def. it causes emphysema, liver disease.

a1 –fetoprotein

Principal fetal protein

a1-acid glycoprotein

acute phase reactant • carrier of steroid hormones, binds cationic drugs (lipocalin) • great affinity for progesterone and binds with drugs such as quinidine

a1- lipoprotein

transports lipids (HDL)

A1-antichymotrypsin

inhibits serine proteases

inter-a-trypsin inhibitor

Inhibits serine proteases

Gc-globulin

transports VIT. D and binds actin.

Haptoglobins

• Acute Phase reactant

• Binds hemoglobin

• useful marker for hemolysis(decreased) & hemoglobinuria

• does not bind with myoglobin, not affected innrhabdomyolysis

ceruloplasmin

• Acute Phase reactant, contains copper

• Oxidizes iron to Fe3(ferric)

A2 macroglobulin

• Inhibits protease, variety of protease not specific

• One of the largest serum CHON(800,000)

C4,C3,C1q complement

–immune response

Fibrinogen

precursor of fibrin clot ,elevate with other acute phase reactants

CRP

acute phase reactant, motivates phagocytosis in inflammation.

Immunoglobulin

oligoclonal banding – presence of few separate bands of different immunoglobulins • asscoiated with mutiple sclerosis