ap euro mu 1 nb 1 italian renaissance

middle ages

time between the fall of Rome and

the Renaissance

during the middle ages europe had become

insignificant in the world

Kings, nobles, and peasants were

local, de-centralized, and lived in service and fear of the Roman Catholic Church and the pope

everything in the middle ages revolved around what, and give examples

God and the Church: education, celebrations, wars, medicine, laws, etc.

what 3 groups helped europe come across classical texts

abbasid caliphate, crusades, and mongols

classical texts are

greek and roman texts

how and when did the classical texts reach europe

entered through italian city states in the 14th century

what did they do with the classical texts

rediscovered and utilized Classical knowledge

what 2 cities were the center for the italian renaissance

florence and venice

at the time italy was the center of

commerce and the papacy through which merchants and Crusaders returned with Ancient Christian and Greek texts

papacy

office, position, and authority of the Pope,

three primary writers that profoundly emphasized modes

of thought:

Francesco Petrarch, Niccolo Machiavelli and Leonardo Bruni

what was one thing that changed after rediscovering classics

education

education in middle ages focused on

professional

training (training for your job) and theology (state religion)

One of the first Renaissance figures to challenge Medieval thought was

Petrarch who was one of the first to read and study the Classics

Classical writing and education was based on

well-rounded in art, philosophy, science, and rhetoric (language), not just professional-based

Writers like Petrarch were profoundly influenced by these Classical texts and their emphasis on

regular life, not religion

most Greek and Roman writers predated

Christianity, life was not determined by behaving or acting Christian

Classical writers and knowledge were far more focused on

the life of the individual, and developing a well-rounded set of knowledge and skills

emphasis on being well-rounded in multiple subjects is referred to as

Renaissance humanism: the study of the humanities (art, philosophy, history, etc.)

Renaissance humanism not only changed education, but its

impact was also seen in

literature, art, and politics (governments)

Petrarch dismissed the idea of

perfect human heroes or Christian morality

Petrarchs writing focused on

moral issues of the individual in his sonnets (poems)

Petrarch wrote of

love, hate, admiration, and sadness, painting a far more realistic picture of what life is like

Giovanni Boccaccio also stuck to the

individual, non-heroic theme in his work

Give one example of Giovanni Boccaccio’s work and what it was about

The Decameron: a compilation of stories about several different people

In his stories, Boccaccio describes the

moral dilemmas people have to deal with as prostitutes, criminals, and regular people rather than being perfect or heroic