CHES CH 2

Programs

A set of planned activities over time designed to achieve specific objectives

Program planning

The process of identifying needs establishing priorities, diagnosing causes of problems assessing and allocating resources, and determining barriers to achieving objectives

Vision statements

• A brief description of where the program will be in the future, usually 3-5 years. Among the elements considered are future products, markets, customers, location, and staffing

• A brief description of where the program will be in the future, usually 3-5 years, statement of the desired end state

Mission statements

• A short statement describing the focus or purpose of a program. Underpins the development of program goals and objectives

• Encompasses the distinctive purpose and unique “reason for being” of a program, statement of purpose

Goals

• Statements of the intent and direction of a program as well as the end results desired. The target population is identified and action words such as reduce, eliminate, or increase are used

• General, long-term statements of desired program outcomes and provide the direction upon which all objectives are based. Specify priority population and often include action words like increase, reduce, eliminate

Objectives

Precise statements of intended outcomes of the program. In measurable terms, they are used to describe the changes in behavior, attitude, knowledge, skills, or health status that will occur in the intervention group as a result of the program. They are small, specific steps that enable the goal to be met and serve as a bridge between a needs assessment and a planned intervention

Community-based programs

Delivered at locations considered within community boundaries rather than at a centralized location outside of the community parameters. Programs are generally delivered in libraries, local churches, school, recreation centers, and local clinics

Coalitions

A group of diverse organizations and constituencies working together toward a common goal

Logic models

A tool for program planning and evaluation that shows the relationship of inputs and activities to outputs, immediate outcomes, and long-term outcomes

Models

A mixture of ideas or concepts taken from any number of theories used together

Pilot testing

A set of procedures used by planners to try out a program on a small group of participants prior to actual implementation

Theories

A set of interrelated concepts, definitions, and propositions that presents a systematic view of events or situations by specifying relations among variables to explain and predict the events of the situation

Building a coalition

1. Prepare groundwork

2. Create an action plan and organize partnership

3. Implement action plan

4. Evaluate action plan

5. Sustain collaboration

Rationale steps

1. Identify the appropriate background info

2. Title

3. Content

4. References used to create it

3 F’s of Program Planning

1. Fluidity

2. Flexibility

3. Functionality

Fluidity

Indicates that the steps in the program planning process are sequential and, therefore, build upon one another

Flexibility

Planning is adapted to the needs of the stakeholders and is responsive to both current and emerging health problems

Functionality

The outcome of planning is improved health conditions, not simply the production of the program plan itself

Primary prevention

Protect people from developing the disease or injury. (Disease/injury is not present)

Examples of primary prevention

• Education about healthy diets

• Vaccines

Secondary prevention

Early diagnosis/detection (disease/injury is present)

Examples of secondary prevention

• Regular preventive exams

• Screenings

Tertiary prevention

Rehabilitation after diagnosis of disease/injury. Prevent further deterioration

Examples of tertiary prevention

• Stroke rehabilitation programs

• Chronic disease management

Vision, Mission, Goal: To ensure that all children are physically fit and nutritionally fed to learn, play, and grow

Vision

Vision, Mission, Goal: To promote reading and financial literacy among all segment of the adult population

Vision

Vision, Mission, Goal: To provide easy access to health information and health care resources to senior citizens in South County

Mission

Vision, Mission, Goal: To improve the health status of our employees

Mission

Vision, Mission, Goal: Reduce the number of osteoporosis-related fractures among elderly men and women who live in the area served by the health department

Goal

Vision, Mission, Goal: Increase the rate of mammography screening among women ages 50 and older

Goal

Types of objectives

1. Process

2. Impact

3. Outcome

Process objectives

Refer to the activities and tasks that lead to the accomplishment of all other levels of the objective

Impact objectives

The immediate and observable effects of a program are described

Types of impact objectives

1. Learning

2. Behavioral

3. Environmental

Learning objectives

Short-term, specific descriptions of awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and skills in relation to the content being taught

Behavioral objective

Describe the behaviors or actions that the population will engage in to resolve the problem and lead to attainment of the program goal

Environmental objective

Refer to the environmental or non-behavioral influences on a health problem. Includes social, physical, psychological, service, and economic environment

Outcome objective

Related to the ultimate goal, but are specific, measurable statements of what the educator want to accomplish at a given time. They represent the change in health status that is the desired result of the program or intervention

Which objective: Before the start of the program, the planning committee members will place physical activity resources in each of the communities served by the health department

Process

Which objective: The participants will be able to correctly identify 3 forms of weight-bearing activity after the first session

Learning

Which objective: Among those attending the program, weight-bearing activity will increase by 50% over the following 6 months

Behavioral

Which objective: By 2025, the number of high air population alert days in the city will decrease by 10%

Environmental

Which objective: Within 3 years, osteoporosis-related fractures will decrease by 25% in the resident of South County

Outcome

Generalized model

A simple composite of elements in planning model

Precede

Predisposing, Reinforcing, Enabling Constructs in Educational/ecological Diagnosis and Evaluation

Precede phases

1. Social assessment

2. Epidemiological assessment

3. Educational and ecological assessment

Proceed

Policy, Regulatory, Organizational Constructs in Educational and Environmental Development

Proceed phases

4. Administrative and policy

5. Implementation

6. Process evaluation

7. Impact evaluation

8. Outcome evaluation

MATCH

• Multilevel Approach to Community Health

• A multi-level community-planning model and a socio

• Phases

  • Health goals selection

  • Intervention planning

  • Program development

  • Implementation preparation

  • Evaluation

CDCynergy Lite

• A community-level model is often used for health communication and social marketing

• Phases

  • Describe the problem

  • Analyze the problem

  • Plan the intervention

  • Develop the intervention

  • Plan the evaluation

  • Implement the plan

SAM

• Suitability Assessment of Materials

• A systematic method to quickly, yet objectively, assess the suitability of health information materials for a particular audience

PRECEDE - Phase 1 Social Assessment

Define the quality of life of the priority population

PRECEDE - Phase 2 Epidemiological assessment

Identify the health problems of the health priority population and determine and prioritize behavioral (individual) and environmental (external) risk factors

PRECEDE - Phase 3 Educational and ecological assessment

Determine predisposing (individual knowledge, and affective traits), enabling (those that make possible a change in behavior, such as skills), and reinforcing (feedback and encouragement for a changed behavior perhaps from significant or important others) factors

PROCEED - Phase 4 Administrative and policy assessment

Determine the resources (funding, staff, other) available for the program

PROCEED - Phase 5 Implementation

Select strategies and activities; begin program

PROCEED - Phase 6 Process evaluation

Document program implementation, feasibility, and gather feedback

PROCEED - Phase 7 Impact evaluation

Assess the immediate effect of an intervention

PROCEED - Phase 8 Outcome evaluation

Determines whether long-term program goals were met