Unit 9: Cardiovascular System

transportation of blood, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients, and wastes

what is the purpose of the cardiovascular system?

size of a fist

about how big is the heart?

mediastinum

where is the heart located?

toward left foot

what direction does the apex of the heart point?

pericardium

membrane that covers the heart

epicardium

outer muscle layer of the heart that has blood vessels

myocardium

middle layer of thick muscle of the heart

endocardium

inner muscular lining of the heart

atria

upper chambers of the heart, thin walls, receive blood from veins

ventricles

lower chambers, thick walled, force blood out into arteries

tricuspid valve, bicuspid valve, pulmonary valve, aortic valve

what are the 4 valves blood travels through in the heart?

chordae tendinae

what are the valves of the heart controlled by?

separate chambers, ensure one-way blood flow

what do the valves do?

murmur

a faulty valve reduces efficiency and causes a ____ (regurgitation)

vena cava, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, aorta

what are the 4 major blood vessels?

coronary arteries

these supply the heart consistently with fresh oxygenated blood

vena cava

1. the superior and inferior ___ ___ bring deoxygenated blood to the heart

right atrium

2. deoxygenated blood enters the ___ ___

tricuspid

3. deoxygenated blood passes through the ____ valve

right

4. deoxygenated blood enters the ___ ventricle

pulmonary, arteries

5. deoxygenated blood passes through the ___ valve and into the pulmonary ____

deoxygenated

6. ___ blood goes into the lungs

oxygen

7. carbon dioxide leaves blood and ___ enters blood

pulmonary veins

8. oxygenated blood comes back to heart from lungs through the ____ ____

atrium

9. oxygenated blood enters the left ___

bicuspid

10. oxygenated blood passes through the ___ valve

left

11. oxygenated blood enters the ___ ventricle

aorta

12. oxygenated blood passes through the aortic valve and into the ___

arteries

13. oxygenated blood travels to the body tissue through many ___ which merge into smaller arterioles

capillaries

14. oxygenated blood squeezes through arterioles into ___

released

15. oxygen is ___ and carbon dioxide is absorbed

veins

16. deoxygenated blood travels into venules which become larger and turn into ___

superior

17. the deoxygenated blood is routed by any veins towards the ___ and inferior vena cava

6

the body contains about __ quarts of blood

1000

how many times does the heart push blood around each day?

systole

myocardium contracting

diastole

myocardium relaxing

atrial systole

injects blood into ventricles while ventricles are in diastole

ventricular systole

pushes blood into pulmonary arteries or aorta while the atria are in diastole

lubb-dupp

what sound does the heart make?

lubb

the sound of the bicuspid and tricuspid valves closing

dupp

the sound of the pulmonary and aortic valves closing

60

how many times does atrial tissue beat per minute?

30

how many times does ventricular tissue beat per minute?

sino-atrial node

heart’s natural pacemaker located in the wall of right atrium that sets each heartbeat and pace

atrioventricular node

heart’s secondary pacemaker, sets rhythm of contractions, lets atrium contract first, then ventricle

medulla oblongata and vagus nerve

what two parts of the brain control the rate and strength of heart beats?

atrial fibrillation

this can happen if impulses malfunction and requires defibrillation or an artificial pacemaker

blood pressure

the force of blood pushing against the arterial walls

systolic pressure

pressure of blood in arteries as ventricles contract (top #)

diastolic pressure

pressure of blood in arteries when ventricles relax (bottom #)

hypertension

high blood pressure, leading cause of heart disease

makes heart work harder, damages inner wall of arteries, contributes to hardening of arteries

what are the dangers of hypertension?

smoking, obesity, lack of physical activity, diet, stress, old age, genetics

what are the contributing factors of hypertension?

hypotension

low blood pressure

symptoms

is hypotension determined by numbers or symptoms?

lightheaded, dizziness, fainting

what are the symptoms of hypotension?

blood vessels

closed circuit of tubes that carry blood from the heart to the body’s cells and back again

systemic vessels

carry blood to and from body systems

pulmonary vessels

carry blood to and from the lungs

arteries

strong and elastic vessels that carry blood away from the heart

arterioles

arteries divide into progressively smaller thinner tubes called…

capillaries

the smallest blood vessels that connect arterioles and venuoles

capillaries

in what vessels does the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body take place?

veins

vessels that merge from venules and carry blood back to the heart

veins

do arteries or veins contain valves?

varicose veins

swollen veins distorted by valve failure

15%

what percentage of blood is in the heart and lungs at all times?

20%

what percentage of blood is in the brain, arteries, and muscles at all times?

65%

what percentage of blood is in the skin, liver, intestines, and veins at all times?

heart murmur

failure of valves to seal tightly

bradycardia

slower than normal heart rate

tachycardia

faster than normal heart rate

myocardial infarction

cell death from lack of oxygen in the myocardium (heart attack)

angina pectoris

pain associated with MI (arms, chest, back)

thrombus

stationary blood clot

embolus

drifting blood clot

embolism

blockage due to blood clot (embolus)

cerebrovascular accident

stroke (caused by thrombus or embolus)

aneurysm

bulge in weakened arterial wall (could rupture = very serious)

hemorrhoids

varicose veins of the rectum and anus

heart attack

blood clot formed in a coronary artery that derives heart cells of oxygen and glucose resulting in tissue death

heart attack

pressure/squeezing on chest, pain extending to shoulder, arm, back, and jaw, prolonged pain in upper abdomen, shortness of breath, fianting, nausea and vomiting - what are these symptoms of?

women’s

heartburn, clammy skin, lightheaded, fatigue, discomfort instead of “pain” - are these men’s or women’s symptoms of a heart attack?

call 911, CPR, chew aspirin

what should you do if expereincing a heart attack?

coronary angioplasty, coronary bypass

what surgical treatment is available for a heart attack?

red blood cells

what type of cells transport oxygen and carbon dioxide?

red marrow

where are red blood cells produced?

white blood cells

what type of cell defends against disease in the body?

plasma

this transports nutrients, proteins, and hormones in the blood

platelets

these are used in blood clotting

positive or negative

what does the Rh factor determine in the blood type?

anti-B

If Jack has blood type A+, what type of antibodies will his plasma have?

neither

what antigens does type O have?

neither

What antibodies does type AB have?

both A and B

what antibodies does type O have?

O-

what blood type is the universal donor?

AB+

what blood type is the universal receiver?

O-, A-, B-, AB-

if someone has type AB- blood, what blood can they receive?

O+, O-, B+, B-

If someone has type B+ blood, what blood can they receive?