overview of graphic communications

Graphic Communication

The exchange of information in a visual form, such as words, drawings, photographs, or a combination of these

Printing

only to use ink to place an image on a substrate (paper,plastic,etc)

Design

assures that the printed image conveys the intended message

specifications

guidelines used to determine the format and cost of the final product

Quote or Quotation

lists prices and quantities for production of printed goods and services

Cost Estimate

based on the job specifications and represents the final cost to manufacture the printed project

Line Art

an image consisting of solid black lines on white or contrasting background

Clip art

prepared simple art

photograph

continuous tone copy

Editing

the final preparation of the writers copy for publication it involves checking the text, line art, and photos there are two types of editing

Content Editing

an editor checks the material to make sure it is up-to-date, accurate, organized and covers all important ideas.

Copy Editing

usually done after content editing. Used to correct spelling, grammar and punctuation

Hot composition

molten metal cast into individual letters or entire lines. it began with moveable type as far back as 1040 a.d.

Cold Composition

developed over the last 50 years, cold comp became the dominant method of generating text. Cold comp includes manual methods like freehand lettering,

thumbnail Sketches

initial design or idea worked out by completing a series of

Rough

layout done to show spacing at real size

Comprehensive

layout done that clearly shows style, size, and format to be used

Electronic Page Composition

The text, line art, and photographs. can be digitally loaded into the computer and then arranged and manipulated on the monitor to assemble the final page.

Photoconversion

is the process that uses light to place an original image onto a light sensitive material

process camera

to make enlargements, reductions and reproductions for composition and stri@@inb

Scanner

converts the value of the original image to digital form where they can be manipulated

CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, and black)

each separations is one of the process colors used for printing

stripping

the process of manually moving and adjusting pieces of negative or positive film

Platemaking

The process of placing an image on an image carrier or press plate

Lithographic plates

have a light sensitive coating and are prepared by being exposed to light.

Computer To Plate (CTP)

method that uses an imagesetter to prepare the plate.

Printing

the process of using a specialized machine (printing press) to transfer an image from an image carrier to a substrate, usually paper.

the four printing process

Relief

Planography

Intaglio

Porous

Relief printing

The process is the Oldest method of printing and requires raised image.

Ink is spread on the raised image areas and transferred to paper by direct pressure.

Letterpress

printing from metal plates

planography

The process of printing from a flat surface, and is based on the concept that oil and water do not mix.

offset lithography is the most popular version.

Ink is transferred from the plate to a rubber

cylinder, then from the cylinder to paper

Intaglio

also know as Gravure printing

the image area is sunken into the image carrier

uses doctor blade

Porous

basically a stencil process in which the image attached to a screen and ink is forced through the open mesh areas

impactless printing

does not require direct contact between an image carrier (plate) and the substrate

Binding

the process of joining together multiple pages of a printed product by various methods

Scoring

creasing a heaven sheet of paper to assist folding

Folding

required when a sheet contains two or more pages

Collating

process of placing pages in the right sequence

Trimming

cutting material after printing to make even edges

finishing

processes that enhance the final printed product

Embossing

produces a raised design on paper or other material

Die-cutting

uses rule or blade to cut paper or other sheets

perforating

is similar; it cuts a series of holes or slits to make the paper easier to tear

stamping

applying a metal foil to almost any type of material

commercial printing

encompasses all types sizes and types printing

Periodical printing

consists of plants that are primarily designed to print

Newspaper printing

moving from letterpress (raised type) to offset lithography

book publishing print

includes both trade books and text books

In-plant printing

printing facilities operated by companies

Forms

design and print business forms