IGSCE Geography Revision Booklet Flashcards

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from the IGSCE Geography revision booklet on Economic Activity and Energy.

Economic Sectors

Primary (agriculture), Secondary (manufacturing), Tertiary (services), and Quaternary (research and development).

Clark Fisher Model

Illustrates how a country's employment structure shifts from primary to secondary to tertiary sectors as it develops.

Factors Affecting Industry Location

Access to raw materials, labor costs, transportation, proximity to markets, government policies, and infrastructure.

Globalisation

The process by which countries are increasingly interconnected through trade, investment, and communication.

Mechanisation

The use of machinery to replace human labor, leading to changes in employment sectors.

Raw Materials and Industry

Exhaustion of materials leads the company to move either internally or abroad in search of a new locations of raw materials.

Friction of Distance

The idea that distance between places impedes movement between them; the greater the distance, the greater the friction.

High-Tech Industries

Advanced industries such as aerospace, biotechnology, robotics, and telecommunications, driven by technological innovation.

Government Policy's role in globalisation

The government is gradually being drawn together in a single global economy.

Informal Economy

Unregulated and untaxed sector, also known as the black market in which the majority of people operate in LIC's.

Malthus' Theory

Population growth will eventually outstrip resource availability, leading to famine and disease.

Boserup's Theory

Population growth stimulates technological advancements in agriculture, increasing food production.

Energy Security

The balance between energy supply (production) and energy demand (consumption).

Non-Renewable Energy

Finite resources such as coal, oil, and natural gas that cannot be easily replaced.

renewable energy

Sources quickly replenish themselves and can be used again and again from the sun, wind, or water.

Carbon Footprint

The total greenhouse gas emissions caused by an individual, event, organization, or product.

Marginal Gains

Small changes at home by individuals can make a big difference when added together to conserve energy.

Sustainable Energy

Energy use can be measured through carbon footprints. A bigger carbon footprint means that more energy is used and therefore more carbon is produced.

De-industrialisation

The decline the importance of manufacturing on the economy.

prosperity

Bringing wealth (money) and success