Biological Molecules

monomers

molecules that can react together with other monomers to form a larger polymer chain

polymer

molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together

condensation reaction

when 2 molecules are joined together which removes water

hydrolysis

splits up the molecule using water

monosaccharides

a simple sugar, the monomers that carbohydrates are made from

examples of monosacchardies

fructose, glucose, galactose

During condensation of a monosaccharide what type of bond is formed

glycosidic

dissacharide

2 monosaccharides joined by a condensation reaction

what is maltose made up of

2 glucose molecules

what is sucrose made up of

glucose and fructose

what is lactose made up of

glucose and galactose

polysaccharides

many monosaccharides bonded together

glycogen and starch are formed by the condensation of ______ ________

alpha glucose

cellulose if formed by the condensation of ______ ________

beta glucose

glycogen

releases glucose for energy

starch

source of energy

cellulose

structural support for plants

types of lipids

triglycerides and phospholipids

what are triglycerides made up of

one glycerol and 3 fatty acids

what are phospholipids made up of

one glycerol and 2 fatty acids and one phosphate group

What type of bond does a condensation reaction between glycerol and fatty acid make

ester

What type of bond does a condensation reaction between two amino acids make

peptide

dipeptide

2 amino acids joined by a condensation reaction

polypeptides

many amino acids joined by condensation reaction

protein

one or more polypeptides joined together

hydrogen bonds

holds the shape together

ionic bonds

folds the shape

disulfide bridges

holds together their unique 3D shape

primary structure

the order of amino acids held together by peptide bonds

secondary structure

polypeptides are held in position by hydrogen bonds

tertiary structure

the shaping of the polypeptide using disulfide bridges, hydrogen and ionic bonds

quaternary structure

when 2 or more polypeptide chains combine to make a functioning protein