Biological Molecules
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32 Terms
monomers
molecules that can react together with other monomers to form a larger polymer chain
polymer
molecules made from a large number of monomers joined together
condensation reaction
when 2 molecules are joined together which removes water
hydrolysis
splits up the molecule using water
monosaccharides
a simple sugar, the monomers that carbohydrates are made from
examples of monosacchardies
fructose, glucose, galactose
During condensation of a monosaccharide what type of bond is formed
glycosidic
dissacharide
2 monosaccharides joined by a condensation reaction
what is maltose made up of
2 glucose molecules
what is sucrose made up of
glucose and fructose
what is lactose made up of
glucose and galactose
polysaccharides
many monosaccharides bonded together
glycogen and starch are formed by the condensation of ______ ________
alpha glucose
cellulose if formed by the condensation of ______ ________
beta glucose
glycogen
releases glucose for energy
starch
source of energy
cellulose
structural support for plants
types of lipids
triglycerides and phospholipids
what are triglycerides made up of
one glycerol and 3 fatty acids
what are phospholipids made up of
one glycerol and 2 fatty acids and one phosphate group
What type of bond does a condensation reaction between glycerol and fatty acid make
ester
What type of bond does a condensation reaction between two amino acids make
peptide
dipeptide
2 amino acids joined by a condensation reaction
polypeptides
many amino acids joined by condensation reaction
protein
one or more polypeptides joined together
hydrogen bonds
holds the shape together
ionic bonds
folds the shape
disulfide bridges
holds together their unique 3D shape
primary structure
the order of amino acids held together by peptide bonds
secondary structure
polypeptides are held in position by hydrogen bonds
tertiary structure
the shaping of the polypeptide using disulfide bridges, hydrogen and ionic bonds
quaternary structure
when 2 or more polypeptide chains combine to make a functioning protein