Exam 1 Flashcards

Flashcards for Exam 1 review based on lecture notes.

What are personal preferences relating to food intake?

Taste (salty, sweet), influencers (genetic, pregnancy hormones)

How does habit influence food intake?

Familiar foods, foods at certain times of the day (like milk in the morning with cereal)

How do social interactions influence food intake?

Meals as social events (like at a party), may promote increased intake or consuming foods you don't normally do

How does Ethnic Heritage & Regional Cuisines influence food intake?

Preference due to where you grew up, different foods/food combos/spices, foods associated with cultural groups/events.

What is cultural competence?

Knowledge and acceptance of diverse cultures and the ability to interact with people from diverse cultures as health care professionals

How does availability, economy, and convenience influence food intake?

Accessibility, easy to prepare, and affordable

How do positive and negative associations influence food intake?

Happy events, foods as rewards or punishments, aversions from illness

How do emotions influence food intake?

Boredom, anxiety, depression, stress

How do values influence food intake?

Religious beliefs, environmental concerns

How does body weight, image & health influence food intake?

Nutrition science vs fad

What are whole foods?

Minimally processed: fresh fruits, veggies, grains, meats, milk

What are processed foods?

Intentionally changed with addition of substances or method of preparation

What are ultra-processed foods?

Made from numerous ingredients/processed so they no longer remember whole foods like chips

How does marketing influence food intake?

Brand loyalty, convenience, multi billion dollar industry

How much of the population do the RDA and EAR meet?

RDA meets 98% while EAR meets 50%

What are signs of undernutrition/malnutrition?

Diarrhea, depression, hair loss, bleeding gums, muscle and fat loss, night blindness, skin rashes, fatigue, obesity, diabetes, etc.

What are essential nutrients?

Nutrients a person must obtain from food because the body can't make sufficient amounts

What is water and is it organic or inorganic?

Hydrogen and Oxygen, inorganic (no carbon)

What are minerals and are they organic or inorganic?

Simplest nutrient, inorganic

What are vitamins and are they organic or inorganic?

Organic (contains carbon)

What are carbohydrates and are they organic or inorganic?

Organic

What are proteins and are they organic or inorganic?

Organic, contains nitrogen

What are lipids (fats) and are they organic or inorganic?

Organic

What are the roles of vitamins?

Facilitate energy release, almost every bodily action requires assistance from vitamins, vulnerable to destruction: Heat (from cooking), light, and chemicals

What are the roles of water?

Environment for nearly all body processes, sixteen essential minerals, indestructible.

What percentage of calories should come from protein?

10-35%

What percentage of calories should come from fat?

20-35%

What percentage of calories should come from carbohydrates?

45-65%

What is the purpose of the Healthy People program?

Identifies significant preventable health threats and works to eliminate them

How much energy does alcohol yield?

Contains 7 kcal/g

What are the energy-yielding macronutrients?

Proteins, carbs, and fats

How much energy do proteins, carbs, and fats provide?

Proteins and carbs contain 4 kcal/g, fat contains 9 kcal/g

What is a registered dietitian (RD or RDN)?

Degree and supervised practice program, National exam, Continuing education activities

What is a dietetic technician registered (DTR)?

Assists RDN with administrative and clinical responsibilities

What are ultra-processed foods?

Made from numerous ingredients/processed so they no longer remember whole foods like chips

What is nutritional genomics?

How nutrition affects the activity of the genes

What are the micronutrients?

Vitamins and minerals

What is the EAR?

Average daily amount of nutrient to maintain a specific function, meets the needs of 50 percent of the population

What is the RDA?

Average daily intake of nutrient adequate to meet nutrition needs of almost all healthy people, meets the needs of most (98 percent) healthy people in the population

What is the UL?

Maximum daily amount of a nutrient that appears safe for most healthy people, protect against toxicity

What are nutrient claims?

Characterize the quantity of a nutrient in a food, “Reduced,” “free,” “low”

What are health claims?

Characterize relationship between a nutrient/substance in a food and a disease or health-related condition, “diets low in sodium may decrease risk for high blood pressure”

What are structure-function claims?

Characterize relationship between a nutrient/substance in a food and role in body, does not require scientific evidence or FDA approval, “Promotes a healthy heart”

What are empty kcalorie foods?

Provide a lot of energy but little protein, vitamins, minerals

In the USDA Food Patterns, in which food group are legumes found?

Plants of the pea and bean family, considered a subgroup of both the protein and vegetable food groups, provide notable nutrients from each group