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Villanovan Society
Early society in Italy, c. 900-720 BCE.
Etruscan Art
Artistic contributions influencing Roman society.
Etruria
Region in central Italy, heartland of Etruscans.
Temple of Mnerva
Etruscan temple, c. 510 BCE, Veii, Italy.
Post-and-lintel
Architectural system using vertical and horizontal elements.
Akroteria
Decorative sculptures placed on temple roofs.
Votive
Offerings made to deities in gratitude.
Cella
Inner chamber of a temple housing the deity.
Sarcophagus
Stone coffin, often elaborately decorated.
Terra-cotta
Baked clay used for sculptures and pottery.
Capitoline Wolf
Bronze sculpture symbolizing Rome's foundation myth.
Lost-wax casting
Metal casting process using a wax model.
Chimera of Arezzo
Bronze sculpture depicting a mythical creature.
Mirror with Engraving of Kalkas
Bronze mirror depicting a haruspex examining a liver.
L'Arringatore
Bronze statue of an orator, early 1st century BCE.
Verism
Artistic style emphasizing realism in portraiture.
Contrapposto
Artistic technique depicting a relaxed stance.
Barrel vault
Architectural feature formed by extending an arch.
Groin vault
Vault created by intersecting two barrel vaults.
Doric
Simple, sturdy column style in Greek architecture.
Facade
Front exterior of a building.
Pronaos
The entrance area before the cella in temples.
Buttresses
Support structures reinforcing walls or arches.
Bothros
Sacred pit for offerings in Etruscan temples.
Stepped facade
Architectural design with tiered levels.
Altar
Structure for sacrifices and offerings to deities.
Herakles
Greek hero known for his twelve labors.
Chiton
Ancient Greek garment worn by men and women.
