GD 30205 History of Graphic Design

What does the image represent?

Medieval Arabic illuminated manuscript

Which manuscript is this?

The beginning of the Gospel of Mark from the Book of Durrow

Describe the image

Albert Durer wood cut illustration from a sketch

Who made the image and what does it represent?

William Morris, Kelmscott Press trademark (1892)

What is a manuscript and what is it made of?

>Handwritten composition on paper, bark, cloth, metal, palm leaf or any other material

>Dates back at least seventy-five years

>Found in hundreds of different languages and scripts

>It's a work of text before its been turned into a book

What is a manuscript used for?

>Means of recording literature, religious texts, historical events

>Has significant scientific, historical or aesthetic value

What is Celtic book design and who produced it?

>Produced by monks in Ireland and Scotland

>Known for its spiral knotwork and zoomorphic figures (animals) and interlaced pattern

Who made the first permanent photography?

French inventor Joseph Nicephore (1926)

Who invented lithography?

Bavarian author Aloys Senefelder (1796-1798)

What did John Ruskin (1819-1896) want to do with creative Gothic art style of the middle ages?

The British writer and painter believed that the art style deserved to be reinvented to compensate for the ordinary mechanical materiality of modern mass production

Who combined Dada and Bauhaus and how did he output

>Lester Bell (1903-1969)

>His output represents an American fully-fledged design style

(the Rural Electrification Administration. A simple connection is made between the stripes of the American flag and the strips of a rural fence)

What is the Swiss International style?

>Representative of contemporary design consciousness

>Began formulating a philosophy of refined lettering and the use of images in school curricula, especially in Switzerland

The reason behind Arts and Crafts movement and where did it begin

>Artists rejected mass production, handmade forms bring physical and spiritual pleasure to one's work

>Artists were inspired by medieval craftsmanship which valued craftsmanship and quality

>International movement that began in Britain (1880-1910)

Who started the Arts and Crafts movement and what fonts did he design?

>William Morris
>Kelmscott Press produced examples of printed book art

>Designed the three fonts used (Golden, Troy and Chaucer), each is designed in the style of 15th century styles

Style and features of Arts and Crafts movement

>Simple, functional, clean rectilinear, patterns inspired by nature and folk art

>Wood, stone, textiles

Style and features of Art Nouveau

>Decorative, flowing designs, curved asymmetrical lines

>Combined traditional craftsmen with modern technique

>Iron, glass, ceramics

Describe the image and name the artist

>William Morris

>pages from the works of Geoffrey Chaucer

Name of the painting and artist

Moulin Rouge, Henri De Toulouse Lautrec

Name the artist

Jules Cheret

Name the artist

Henri Van de Velde

Name the artist

Henri Van de Velde

Name the art movement

Bauhaus movement

What is Bauhaus and what was its influence on graphic design?

>To reimagine the material world to reflect the unity of all the arts (combining fine arts and applied arts)

>Sans serif fonts

>Simplicity, simple geographic shapes

>Break grid and layout rules

>Use of primary colours

Name two instructors of the Bauhaus School

>Paul Klee

>Josef Albers

>Taught a preliminary course in the study of materials, color theory, and formal relationships

What is one modern example of Bauhaus-influenced graphic design?

Digitization of Bauhaus Typefaces on computers, particularly sans serif fonts

What are three characteristics of Bauhaus graphic design?

>Simple geographic shapes

>Making everyday objects more functional

>Colour psychology.

What is constructivism and who founded it?

>Vladimir Tatlin

>Embraced communism

>Rejected art for art’s sake

>Art should have a social purpose

>(1919-1934)

Name the art movement

Constructivism

Name the art movement

Constructivism

What is Surrealism and who influenced it?

>Psychologically based images, dream-like paintings

>Artists where exploring the unconscious

>Sigmund Freud’s dream analysis fed the movement

>Had a profound impact on design visually and conceptually

What’s De Stijl movement and who invented it?

>Piet Mondrian published De Stijl’s manifesto titled Neo-Plasticism

>Rejected symmetry

>Favoured manipulation and arrangement of geometric forms and colours (dynamic equilibrium)

>(1917-1931)

Name the art movement

>Dada

>John Heartfield

>Have no fear, he’s a vegetarian

What’s the concept of Dada?

>Turning mundane everyday object into art

>Proving that everything could be new gallery contexts and by default art was dead

>Inspired a school of arts called “ready-made” or found art

Name the artist and artwork

>Jan Tschichold

>Brochure page for Die neue Typographie (1928)

Name the artist and artwork

>Piet Zwart

>Inside page from a printing company’s type catalog (1931)

Name the artist and artwork

>Herbert Bayer

>Advertisement for the Container Corporation of America (1943)

Name the artist and artwork

>Herbert Bayer

>Advertisement for the Container Corporation of America (1943)

Name the artist and artwork

>Moholy Nagy

>Vision in Motion

Explain how Paul Rand's writings and work have inspired many generations of designers

>Served as Art Director for both Apparel Arts and Esquire magazines

>Wrote the first of his four books (Thoughts on Design)

>His published works helped explain design as a process that relies on reason, intuition, and intelligence and its functional role in enriching life.

Paul Rand’s art style

>Shifted his style from illustration to graphic design

>Playful and illustrative approach in his work on corporate identity which showed Rand's intelligent and human voice in all his designs

>Presented many designs of the American corporate identity (IBM - ABC - UPS - Westinghouse)

Which artists inspired Paul Rand’s work?

>Paul Klee

>Picasso

Name the artist and artwork

>Paul Rand

>Cover for Thoughts on Design (1946)

Name the artist and artwork

>Paul Rand

>Logos for IBM, UPS, Westinghouse, ABC

>(He also did logos for Enron, Morningstar, NEXT)

What does this advertisement represent/describe?

>“Think Small” campaign for Volkswagen by the advertising agency Doyle Dane Bernbach

>An advertising design approach in which text and image harmonized in a union not seen before. This union, known as the New York School, depended on a working relationship between content and form

>Designed by art director Helmut Krone (1925–1997)

>Lovable, somewhat surreal and austere quality

>Layout and supporting text work in union as a concept

Name the artist and artwork

>Herb Lubalin (1918-1981)

>Typograms: Mother & Child (1965), and Families (1980).

Explain typograms made by Herb Lubalin

>Demonstrated the possibility of converting texts to the latest flexible versions

>His typograms had a dual role in reading their images

>These visual poems extended from miniatures to page layouts, book covers, and advertisements

Describe the artwork

>Conceptual Image Makers

>The approach of conceptual images: Ideas that are open ended and complex in their subtlety. They do more than deliver a message; they deliver a message filled with nuance. This approach reflects graphic design's expansion into territories that were once the province of the fine arts

>(to put simply: Conceptual images are thoughtful and open to different meanings. They don’t just give a clear message but add deeper details. This shows how graphic design is becoming more like fine art)

Describe the artwork

>Conceptual image

>Sudafrikanisches Roulette (South African Roulette) by German designer Gunter Rambow

>Brings a surrealist edge to photography with his work for theaters and publishers

>The concept of using the shape of Africa bleeding through a bandage powerfully symbolizes the play's theme of pain, suffering, and revolution in South Africa

Choose a graphic design trend in 2024-2025 and describe your favourite features of this trend

*Choose a trend to describe*

>Gradients >AI-powered design

>Textured grains >Maximalism

>Bold minimalism >Retro serif branding

>Hand drawn illustrations/logos >Motion graphics

>Experimental typography >Retro sci-fi

>Brutalism >Anti-design

>Mixed media >Unconventional colour combos

Choose a product and make a poster inspired by one of the following art movements: Bauhaus, Pop art, Surrealism, Cubism

>Mention popular artists of the movement

>Describe features of the movement

>Sketch the poster

>Describe features you used in your poster