Upper Limb to Thoracic Wall, Vertebral Column | Scapula to Humerus | Arm - Anterior and Posterior Compartments

Pectoralis major

Clavicle, sternum, and upper six costal cartilages

Lateral lip of bicipital groove of humerus

Medial and lateral pectoral nerves from brachial plexus

Adducts arm and rotates it medially; clavicular fibers also flex arm

Pectoralis minor

Third, fourth, and fifth ribs

Coracoid process of scapula

Medial pectoral nerve from brachial plexus

Depresses point of shoulder; if the scapula is fixed, it elevates the ribs of origin

Subclavius

First costal cartilage

Clavicle

Nerve to subclavius from upper trunk of brachial plexus

Depresses the clavicle and steadies this bone during movements of the shoulder girdle

Serratus anterior

Upper eight ribs

Medial border and inferior angle of scapula

Long thoracic nerve

Draws the scapula forward around the thoracic wall; rotates scapula

Trapezius

Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spine of seventh cervical vertebra, spines of all thoracic vertebrae

Upper fibers into lateral third of clavicle; middle and lower fibers into acromion and spine of scapula

Spinal part of accessory nerve (motor) and C3 and 4 (sensory)

Upper fibers elevate the scapula; middle fibers pull scapula medially; lower fibers pull medial border of scapula downward

Latissimus dorsi

Iliac crest, lumbar fascia, spines of lower six thoracic vertebrae, lower three or four ribs, and inferior angle of scapula

Floor of bicipital groove of humerus

Thoracodorsal nerve

Extends, adducts, and medially rotates the arm

Levator scapulae

Transverse processes of first four cervical vertebrae

Medial border of scapula

C3 and 4 and dorsal scapular nerve

Raises medial border of scapula

Rhomboid minor

Ligamentum nuchae and spines of seventh cervical and first thoracic vertebrae

Medial border of scapula

Dorsal scapular nerve

Raises medial border of scapula upward and medially

Rhomboid major

Second to fifth thoracic spines

Medial border of scapula

Dorsal scapular nerve

Raises medial border of scapula upward and medially

Deltoid

Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula

Middle of lateral surface of shaft of humerus

Axillary nerve

Abducts arm; anterior fibers flex and medially rotate arm; posterior fibers extend and laterally rotate arm

*Supraspinatus

Supraspinous fossa of scapula

Greater tuberosity of humerus; capsule of shoulder joint

Suprascapular nerve

Abducts arm and stabilizes shoulder joint

*Infraspinatus

Infraspinous fossa of scapula

Greater tuberosity of humerus; capsule of shoulder joint

Suprascapular nerve

Laterally rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint

Teres major

Lower third of lateral border of scapula

Medial lip of bicipital groove of humerus

Lower subscapular nerve

Medially rotates and adducts arm and stabilizes shoulder joint

*Teres minor

Upper two thirds of lateral border of scapula

Greater tuberosity of humerus; capsule of shoulder joint

Axillary nerve

Laterally rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint

*Subscapularis

Subscapular fossa

Lesser tuberosity of humerus

Upper and lower subscapular nerves

Medially rotates arm and stabilizes shoulder joint

Biceps brachii - Long head

Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Tuberosity of radius and bicipital aponeurosis into deep fascia of forearm

Musculocutaneous nerve

Supinator of forearm and flexor of elbow joint; weak flexor of shoulder joint

Biceps brachii - Short head

Coracoid process of scapula

Coracobrachialis

Coracoid process of scapula

Medial aspect of shaft of humerus

Musculocutaneous nerve

Flexes arm and also process of weak adductor

Brachialis

Front of lower half of humerus

Coronoid process of ulna

Musculocutaneous nerve

Flexor of elbow joint

Triceps - Long head

Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Triceps - Lateral head

Upper half of posterior surface of shaft of humerus

Olecranon process of ulna

Radial nerve

Extensor of elbow joint

Triceps - Medial head

Lower half of posterior surface of shaft of humerus