Topic 8 - Acids & Bases

Arrhenius Acid

A substance that ionizes in water to produce H+ ions.

Arrhenius Base

A soluble substance that produces OH- ions in water.

Bronsted-Lowry Acid

A substance that donates a proton (H+) in a chemical reaction.

Bronsted-Lowry Base

A substance that accepts a proton (H+) in a chemical reaction.

Conjugate Acid/Base Pair

Two species that differ by a single proton.

Indicators

Substances used to determine the pH of a solution based on color changes.

Neutralization

A chemical reaction between an acid and a base that produces a salt and water.

Acids & Metals

A reaction between an acid and a metal that produces a salt and hydrogen gas.

Acids & Carbonates/Hydrogen carbonates

A reaction between an acid and a carbonate/hydrogen carbonate that produces a salt, carbon dioxide, and water.

pH scale

A scale used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

Strong Acids

Acids that fully dissociate into ions in water.

Weak Acids

Acids that only partially dissociate into ions in water.

Strong Bases

Bases that fully dissociate into ions in water.

Weak Bases

Bases that only partially dissociate into ions in water.

Rain Water

Water that naturally has a pH of 7 but becomes acidic due to dissolved CO2.

Acid Rain

Rainwater with a pH less than 5.0, caused by pollutants such as SO2 and NOx.

Pre-combustion method

A method to reduce sulfur in coal before combustion.

Post-combustion method

Methods to capture pollutants after combustion, such as SO2 and NOx.