Topic 8 - Acids & Bases

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18 Terms

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Arrhenius Acid

A substance that ionizes in water to produce H+ ions.

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Arrhenius Base

A soluble substance that produces OH- ions in water.

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Bronsted-Lowry Acid

A substance that donates a proton (H+) in a chemical reaction.

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Bronsted-Lowry Base

A substance that accepts a proton (H+) in a chemical reaction.

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Conjugate Acid/Base Pair

Two species that differ by a single proton.

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Indicators

Substances used to determine the pH of a solution based on color changes.

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Neutralization

A chemical reaction between an acid and a base that produces a salt and water.

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Acids & Metals

A reaction between an acid and a metal that produces a salt and hydrogen gas.

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Acids & Carbonates/Hydrogen carbonates

A reaction between an acid and a carbonate/hydrogen carbonate that produces a salt, carbon dioxide, and water.

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pH scale

A scale used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

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Strong Acids

Acids that fully dissociate into ions in water.

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Weak Acids

Acids that only partially dissociate into ions in water.

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Strong Bases

Bases that fully dissociate into ions in water.

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Weak Bases

Bases that only partially dissociate into ions in water.

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Rain Water

Water that naturally has a pH of 7 but becomes acidic due to dissolved CO2.

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Acid Rain

Rainwater with a pH less than 5.0, caused by pollutants such as SO2 and NOx.

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Pre-combustion method

A method to reduce sulfur in coal before combustion.

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Post-combustion method

Methods to capture pollutants after combustion, such as SO2 and NOx.