ANATOMY UNIT A

midsagittal plane

• median, divide down middle, split left and right

coronal plane

• dividing anterior and posterior; crown all the way down, aka frontal

transverse plane

• splits top portion (superior) and bottom portion (inferior), think cross section

anterior

• forward/in front, aka ventral

posterior

• backward/behind, aka dorsal (think dorsal fin)

superior

• towards the head, aka cranial

inferior

• towards the feet, aka caudal

medial

• towards median/midline (think going inwards)

lateral

• away from median/midline (think outward)

proximal

• appendages only, towards trunk

distal

• appendages only, away from trunk

deep

• inside surface

superficial

• towards surface

cephalic region

head and neck

frontal region

forehead

orbital region

eyes

nasal region

• nose

buccal region

• cheeks

oral region

• mouth

otic region

• ears

mental region

• chin

occipital region

back of head

cervical region

• neck

thoracic region

• upper chest, superior to diaphragm

sternal region

• center of thorax

axillary region

• armpits haha

mammary region

• breasts and nipples boobies haha

abdominal region

• region inferior to diaphragm

umbilical region

• belly button haha

pelvic region

• region inferior to the abdomen

inguinal region

• groin, creases of pelvis

pubic region

• genitalia region

dorsum region

• back

scapular region

• shoulder blades

vertebral region

• spine region

lumbar region

• lower back, 5 vertebrae (think dinner time)

sacral region

• end of spine, 5 fused bones

gluteal region

• buttocks haha, posterior

perineal region

• between anus and genitalia

acromial region

• shoulder

brachial region

• distal to acromial region, proximal to olecranal region, bicep

olecranal region

• elbow

antecubital region

• anterior to elbow, elbow pit

antebrachial region

• distal to olecranal region, proximal to carpals, forearm

carpal region

• wrist region, 8 bones

manus region

• entire hand

pollex region

• thumb

digital region

• fingers (and toes)

palmar region

• palm

metacarpal region

• back of hand, bones make up palm area

coxal region

• hips, lateral to pelvis

femoral region

• thigh region

patellar region

• anterior knee

popliteal region

• knee pit, posterior knee

crural region

• shin, anterior lower leg

sural region

• calf region, posterior lower leg

fibular region

• lateral of lower legs, peroneal

pedal region

• whole foot

tarsal region

• ankle

calcaneal region

• heel bone

metatarsal region

• top of foot

plantar region

• sole

hallux region

• toe

stomach

• left abdominopelvic organ, attaches to small intestine

pancreas

• wraps behind stomach, supplies digestive enzymes to small intestine

liver

• right side makes bile sends to gallbladder

gallbladder

• stores bile, inferior to liver

spleen

• lateral to stomach, cap looking

kidney

adrenal glands

• attached to kidneys

bladder

• stores urine

appendix

• start of large intestine, right lower quadrant, where small and large intestine meet

axial region

• head, neck, and trunk

skull

• cranial bones and facial bones

vertebral column

• 7 cervical + 12 thoracic + 5 lumbar + (5) sacrum + (4) coccyx

thoracic cage

• ribs (1-7 true ribs, 8-12 false ribs, 11-12 floating ribs) and sternum

appendicular skeleton

• bones of appendages

pectoral girdle

• scapular and clavicle

humerus

• brachial bone

radius

• lateral antebrachial bone

ulna

• medial antebrachial bone

phalanges

• fingers

phalynx

• single finger bone, 3 in each finger (distal, medial, proximal)

pelvic girdle

• os coxa makes bowl that holds pelvic organs in place

ilium

• os coxa bone, superior, we feel as hip bones

iscium

• os coxa bone, posterior, sitting on it

pubis

• os coxa bone, anterior

femur

• thigh bone

patella

• knee cap

tibia

• medial crural bone

fibula

• lateral crural bone

tarsals

• cube shaped bones + calcaneus

metatarsals

• longer pedal region bones

synovial joints

• highest mobility joints

gliding

• sonovial joint movement, flat surfaces of bones slide across; carpals, tarsals, and where vertebrae meet

flexion

• synovial joint movement, sagittal plane, usually anteriorly, decrease angle between bones/body parts; head/neck, trunk, shoulder, elbow, wrist, fingers, hip, knee

extension

• synovial joint movement, sagittal plane, usually posteriorly, increase angle; head/neck, trunk, shoulder, elbow, wrist, fingers, hip, knee

abduction

• synovial joint movement, moving appendages away from medial, coronal plane; shoulder, hip, fingers, leg

adduction

• synovial joint movement, moving appendages closer to medial, coronal plane; shoulder, hip, fingers, leg

circumduction

• synovial joint movement, hand in a circle/cone shaped duction