The Endocrine System 7.13
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26 Terms
Endocrine system
Consist of a group of ductless endocrine glands that secrete substances called hormones directly into the bloodstream
____ types of glands
two
Exocrine glands
Secrete substances into ducts that lead to targeted tissues
Endocrine glands
secrete substances directly into the bloodstream.
Hormones
Chemical substances produced and secreted by the endocrine glands. Called “chemical messengers".
Pituitary gland
Often called the “master gland” of the body because it produces many hormones that affect other glands.
Acromegaly
results from an over secretion of somatotropin (growth hormones) in an adult. Occurs after normal bone growth has stopped.
Gigantism
a rare disorder resulting from an over secretion of somatropin before puberty.
Diabetes insipidus
caused by decreased secretion of vasopressin (antidiuretic hormones).
Dwarfism
results from an under secretion of somatotropin. Less than 4ft 10.
Goiter
an enlargement of the thyroid gland
Hyperthyroidism
an overactivity of the thyroid gland
Graves disease
a severe form of hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
an under activity of the thyroid gland
Hypoparathyroidism
an underactivity of the parathyroid gland.
Addison’s disease
caused by decreased secretion of aldosterone on the part of the adrenal cortex. Brown hand
Cushing's syndrome
results from an over secretion of glucocorticoids on the part of the adrenal cortex.
Diabetes mellitus
chronic disease caused by decreased secretion of insulin or by body cells resistant to the effect of insulin
Thyroid Gland
regulate the body’s metabolism.
Control the level of calcium in the body
Parathyroid Gland
4 glands attached to the thyroid gland
Adrenal gland
Frequently called the suprarenal glands because one is located above the kidney
Ovaries
the gonads, or sex glands, of the female
Testes
the gonads of the male (sex cells)
Thymus
located in the upper part of the chest under the sternum. Contains lymphoid tissue. Waste away during puberty
Pineal body
small structure attached to the roof of the third ventricle in the brain. Knowledge of its physiology is limited
Placenta
A temporary endocrine gland produced during pregnancy. Link between mother and newborn. Provides nutrition for the developing infant. Promoted lactation