General Trends and Procedures for Exam 2
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Last updated 1:08 AM on 3/16/23
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26 Terms
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to calc. Ka/b
1. rxn
2. icee
3. Ka
4. substitute
5. solve
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fraction ionized
(y/\[HA\]i)100
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as Ka increases
acid strength increases
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as pKa increases
acid strength decreases
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as Kb increases
base strength increases
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as pKb increases
base strength decreases
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as acid strength increases
conj. base strength decreases
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when determining the acid/base clasification of a salt in water, you:
MX → M + X
MX → M + X
1. determine and remove spectator ions from chem eqn.
2. based on what is left, classify the soln
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when X is left in salt soln
Weak base
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when M is left in salt soln
weak acid
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when neither M nor X is left in salt soln
neutral
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when M and X are left in salt soln
more info needed
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SA + WA
ignore WA
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WA + WA
consider only the one with the higher Ka
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as you go (___) the PT, size (___), bond length (_), bond strength (_), and acid strength (___)
down
increases
increases
decreases
increases
increases
increases
decreases
increases
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to determine the compared strength of 2+ binary hydrides you look at:
1. the group: as you (___) the PT, acid strength (___)
2. the period: as you (___) the PT, acid strength (___)
1. the group: as you (___) the PT, acid strength (___)
2. the period: as you (___) the PT, acid strength (___)
1. descend, increases
2. →, increases
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to determine the compared strength of 2+ oxyacides you look at:
1. difference central atoms: as electronegativity (___), acid strength (___)
2. same central atom: as oxidation number (___), acid strength (___)
1. difference central atoms: as electronegativity (___), acid strength (___)
2. same central atom: as oxidation number (___), acid strength (___)
1. increases, increases
2. increases, increases
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how to determine the oxidation number (shortcut for molecules that only differ in #O)
look at which ever molecule has more oxygens and that molecule will have the highest oxidation number
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SA + SB →
H20 + salt
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how to calc. a titration curve for WA + SB:
1. chem rxn
2. mmol of acid and base
3. srfc
4. concentration H30+ or OH-
5. calc pH
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to determine the pH of a leftover weak acid
Ka + icee
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to determine the pH of anything with something that started out as SB and WA but became a buffer
srfc + henderson hasselbach
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to determine the pH at the equivalence point (of a strong base and WA)
the pH will be slightly basic
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to determine the pH when SB leftover
srfc + pOH
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when at the midpoint of a titration
pH = pKa
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what is the pH of water + spectator ions?
7\.00