Week 6: Personality Disorders Review Flashcards

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering definition, classification, criteria, Big Five profiles, and therapeutic models of Personality Disorders based on the lecture notes.

Personality

A dynamic and organized set of characteristics possessed by a person that uniquely influences their cognitions, emotions, motivations, and behaviours in various situations.

Personality Trait

A durable disposition to behave in a particular way in a variety of situations.

Personality Disorder (Clinical Features)

A class of mental disorders characterized by chronic interpersonal difficulties with others and problems with identity or sense of self.

DSM-5 Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD)

A dimensional classification approach that defines personality pathology through indices of personality functioning (Criterion A) and maladaptive personality traits (Criterion B).

Openness

A Big Five personality trait described as curious, original, intellectual, creative, and open to new ideas.

Conscientiousness

A Big Five personality trait described as organized, systematic, punctual, achievement-oriented, and dependable.

Extraversion

A Big Five personality trait described as outgoing, talkative, sociable, and enjoying social situations.

Agreeableness

A Big Five personality trait described as affable, tolerant, sensitive, trusting, kind, and warm.

Neuroticism

A Big Five personality trait described as anxious, irritable, temperamental, and moody.

Cluster A Personality Disorders

A diagnostic group consisting of odd or eccentric personality disorders, including Paranoid PD, Schizoid PD, and Schizotypal PD.

Cluster B Personality Disorders

A diagnostic group consisting of dramatic, emotional, or erratic personality disorders, including Antisocial PD, Borderline PD, Histrionic PD, and Narcissistic PD.

Cluster C Personality Disorders

A diagnostic group consisting of anxious or fearful personality disorders, including Avoidant PD, Dependent PD, and Obsessive-Compulsive PD.

Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD)

A Cluster B disorder marked by a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others since age 15, requiring at least 3 DSM symptoms, an age of at least 18 for diagnosis, and a history of conduct disorder.

Psychopathy

A construct focused on thoughts, feelings, and lack of morals (poverty of affect, lack of empathy, glib superficial charm, manipulation, and good planning) that is measured by the PCL-R and not included in DSM-5-TR.

Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD)

A Cluster B disorder characterized by instability in emotions, interpersonal relationships, and sense of self, requiring 5+ DSM symptoms and associated with very high Neuroticism (5/6 facets), low Agreeableness, and low Conscientiousness.

Splitting

A symptom common in Borderline Personality Disorder characterized by unstable, intense interpersonal relationships that alternate between extreme idealisation and devaluation.

Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT)

An evidence-based therapy for BPD developed by Marsha Linehan that combines acceptance and change strategies to build emotion regulation, distress tolerance, interpersonal effectiveness, and mindfulness skills.

DEAR MAN Skill

A DBT skill acronym for Interpersonal Effectiveness: Describe, Express, Assert, Reinforce, Mindful, Appear Confident, and Negotiate.

Histrionic Personality Disorder

A Cluster B disorder characterized by a pervasive pattern of excessive emotionality and attention-seeking behavior ('all the world is a stage'), requiring 5+ DSM symptoms.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

A Cluster B disorder characterized by a pervasive pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, sense of entitlement, interpersonally exploitative behavior, and lack of empathy, requiring 5+ DSM symptoms.

Grandiose Narcissism

A subtype or expression of narcissism characterized by overt aggression, dominance, self-aggrandizing behavior, and fantasies of performing heroic deeds.

Vulnerable Narcissism

A subtype or expression of narcissism where surface arrogance masks hypersensitivity to criticism, self-doubt, and a fragile, unstable self-esteem.

Paranoid Personality Disorder

A Cluster A disorder characterized by high levels of pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of others, requiring 4+ DSM criteria including suspecting exploitation without sufficient basis.

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

A Cluster A disorder characterized by unusual thoughts, magical thinking, perceptual distortions, odd speech/appearance, and acute social discomfort, requiring 5+ DSM criteria.

Schizoid Personality Disorder

A Cluster A disorder characterized by emotional detachment, a preference for solitary activities, indifference to praise or criticism, and little or no interest in sexual or close relationships, requiring 4+ DSM criteria.

Avoidant Personality Disorder

A Cluster C disorder characterized by social inhibition, hypersensitivity to negative evaluation or rejection, and feelings of inadequacy, requiring 4+ DSM criteria.

Dependent Personality Disorder

A Cluster C disorder characterized by an excessive, pervasive need to be taken care of, resulting in submissive, clingy behavior and fear of separation, requiring 5+ DSM criteria.

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)

A Cluster C disorder characterized by a pervasive preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and mental/interpersonal control at the expense of flexibility and efficiency, requiring 4+ DSM criteria.