Mucles Lab 2 Exam

Anatomy muscles

Temporalis

The __________ is a muscle located on the side of the head, responsible for closing the jaw and aiding in chewing.

Masster

_______ Elevates the mandible

Orbicularis Oculi

Muscle surrounding the eye, closes eyelids

orbicularis Oris

The __________ is a muscle located around the mouth, responsible for controlling the movements of the lips, such as puckering, smiling, and kissing.

sternalcleidomastoid

The __________ is a large muscle located in the neck that runs from the sternum and clavicle to the mastoid process of the skull.

-rotation of the head

- lexion of the neck.

(upper) Trapezius*

The__________ muscle stabilizes and moves the shoulder blades. It allows shrugging and scapulae retraction. Shoulder raises and rows strengthen this muscle, improving upper back strength and posture.

Levator Scapulea

Elevates the scapula

rotates the scapula downward

laterally flexes neck

Scalenes

Elevation of the ribs

Lateral flexion of the neck

Splenius Capitis

Rotation of the head

Extension of the head

Deltoid

Abduction of the arm at the shoulder laterally

Supraspinatus

Abduction of the arm at the shoulder

Origin: supraspinous fossa of the scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle (hummerus)

Infraspinatus

infraspinous fossa of scapula

origin: Infraspinous fossa of scapula

insertion: greater tubercle (humerus)

Teres Minor

Laterally rotates and extends arm at shoulder joint

Origin: Inferior lateral border of scapula

Insertion:greater tubercle (humerus)

Teres Major

Extends the arm at the shoulder

Assists in adduction and medial rotation of the arm at the shoulder

Subcapularis

Medially rotates arm at shoulder joint

Origin: Subscapular fossa of scapula

Insertion: Greater tubercle

Rotator Cuff Muscles

The _______ consists of four muscles (supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis) that stabilize and move the shoulder joint, enabling rotation and abduction.

Coracobrachialis

Flexes and adducts arm at shoulder joint

Biceps Brachii

Flexes and supinates the forearm

Insertion:Radial tuberosity

Brachialis

Flexes forearm at elbow joint

Triceps brachii

extends forearm at elbow

extends arm at the shoulder

Insertion:Posterior surface of the olecranon process of the ulna

Brachioradialis

Flexes forearm at the elbow

Insertion:Styloid process of the radius

pronator Teres

Pronates forearm at radius

weakly flexes forearm at elbow

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Flexes and adducts hand at wrist

Palmaris Longus

weakly flexes and abducts hand at wrist

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Flexes and adducts hand at wrist

Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus

Extends and abducts hand at wrist

Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis

Extends and abducts hand at wrist

Extensor Digitorum

Extends medial four digits at the metacarpal joints and secondarily at the phalangeal joints

Extensor Carpi Ulnaris

Extends and abducts hand at wrist

Pectoralis Major

Medialy rotates arm at the shoulder

Insertion: at the lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

Pectoralis minor

Abducts scapula and rotates it downwards

Insertion:coracoid process of the scapula

Serratus Anterior

abducts the scapula and rotates upwards (protraction)

Insertion:the anterior surface of the medial border of the scapula

External intercostals

Elevates the ribs

Internal intercostals

Depresses the ribs

Rectus Abdominis

Flexion of the trunk

External oblique

Unilateral flexion of the trunk rotation of the trunk

internal Oblique

rotates the trunk

laterally flexes vertebral column

Transverse Abdominis

compression of the abdominal cavity

Rhomboids

origin: (minor) Spinous process of vertebrae c7- T1

(major) Spinous process of vertebrae T2-T5

Antagonist: stratus anterior

Latissimus Dorsi

medial rotation, abduction, extension

Insertion: intertubercular groove of the humerus.

erector spinae

Group of muscles longissimus, iliocostalis, and spinalis

transverso- spinale

It consists of 3 major subgroups: semispinalis, multifidus and rotatores

Segmental Muscles

Deepest layer. The levatores costarum, interspinales and intertransversarii muscles

Quadratus lumborum

Muscle located in the lower back, connecting the pelvis and the spine. It helps stabilize the spine, maintain posture, and assist in movements like bending and twisting.

Psoas major

Acts together with iliacus for flexion of thigh at hip

rotates thigh laterally

flexes trunk on the hip (sitting up in a supine position)

Insertion:lesser trochanter of the femur

Iliacus

Acts together with psoas for flexion of thigh at hip

Insertion:Iliac fossa

Pectineus

Flexes and adducts thigh at hip

gluteus maximus

Extends and laterally rotates hip

gluteus medius

abducts and medially rotates hip

Insertion:lateral surface of the ilium

gluteus minimus

Abducts and medially rotates hip

piriformis

Laterally rotates and abducts hip

Insertion:apex of the greater trochanter

tensor fasciae latae

Flexes and abducts hip

sartorius

Laterally rotates thigh at hip

Adductor brevis

Adducts and flexes thigh at hip and rotates thigh

adductor longus

Adducts and flexes thigh at hip and rotates thigh

adductor magnus

Adducts and flexes thigh at hip and rotates thigh

gracilis

Adducts thigh at hip

Medially rotates thigh

Flexes leg at knee

rectus femoris

Extends leg at knee

Flexes thigh at hip

Origin: plevis anterior inferior illiac spine

Insertion:the base of the patella

vastus lateralis

Extends leg at knee

vastus medialis

Extends leg at the knee

Origin:plevis anterior inferior illiac spine

Insertion: the base of patella via the quadriceps femoris tendon

vastus intermedius

Extends leg at the knee

Semitendinosus

Flexes leg at the knee and extends thigh at the hip

semimembranosus

Flexes leg at the knee and extends thigh at hip

Fibularis longus

Plantar flexion at ankle

Everts the foot at intertarsal joints

fibularis brevis

Plantar flexion of foot at ankle

everts (pronates) foot at intertarsal joints

extensor digitorum longus

Dorsiflexes foot at ankle and extends distal and middle phalanges of each toe

Tibialis anterior

Dorsiflexes foot at the ankle

Inverts (supinates) foot at interarsal joints

Popliteus

Flexes leg at the knee

Medially rotates tibia to unlock the extended knee

Gastrocnemius

Plantar flexion of foot at ankle joint and flexes leg at knee

Insertion: fuse to insert onto the calcaneus (heel bone) through the Achilles tendon (also known as the calcaneal tendon)

Soleus

Plantar flexes foot at the ankle joint

Insertion: fuse to insert onto the calcaneus (heel bone) through the Achilles tendon (also known as the calcaneal tendon)

4 properties of muscular tissue.

-Electrical excitability

-Contractility

-Extensibility

-Elasticity

Biceps Femoris

Long h. origin: originates from the medial facet of the ischial tuberosity

Short h. origin: lateral lip of the inferior third of the linea aspera

Insertion: The lateral head of the fibula.