Bioenergetics and Integrated Metabolism

Metabolism

Sum of all process by which living organisms acquire and utilize energy

Anabolic reaction

Small molecules are assembled into larger ones

Energy consuming

Catabolic reactions

Large molecules are broken down into smaller ones

Energy releasing

Rate limiting step

Controls flux through pathway

1. Other cellular molecules acting on the enzyme catalysing the reaction

2. Increasing or decreasing the amount of enzyme

3. Cellular compartmentalization

Glycolysis

Glucose is broken to 2 pyruvate molecules.

1st step of glucose oxidation.

Occurs in cytoplasm and doesn’t require energy.

First step serves to trap glucose in cell

Enzymes

HP-PAT GP-PEP

1. Hexokinase

2. Phosphoglucose isomerase

3. Phosphofructokinase

4. Aldolase

5. Triose phosphate isomerase

6. Glyceraldehyde 2 phosphate dehydrogenase

7. Phosphoglycerate kinase

8. Phosphoglycerate mutase

9. Enolase

10. Pyruvate kinase

Rate limiting steps of glycolysis

Step 1

Step 3

Step 10

All the others are reversible while these are irreversible