competency prep

Flashcards for RBT exam prep focusing on key vocabulary and definitions from lecture notes.

Frequency

How many times a behavior occurs.

Duration

How long a behavior occurs for.

IRT (Inner-Response Time)

The time in between the same behavior occurring twice.

Latency

The time in between an SD/task demand being placed and when the client follows through.

Rate

How frequently a behavior occurs over a given time period.

Partial Interval

A form of data collection that tracks if a behavior occurred at any point during a given time interval.

Whole Interval

A form of data collection that tracks if a behavior occurred for the entire time interval provided.

Momentary Time Sampling

A form of data collection that tracks if a behavior occurred at the exact moment the time interval ends.

Free Operant

A type of preference assessment where the environment is not altered in any way. The client has full control over what they decide to engage with.

Single Stimulus

A single item is presented to a client. The RBT takes note on if the client engages, and if so, for how long.

Paired Stimulus

A client is provided with 2 objects and is prompted to make a choice between these 2 items only. The client will likely choose the item that is more reinforcing to them.

Multiple Stimulus WITH Replacement

A client is presented with an array of objects and they are prompted to choose one. Once the client has chosen, the item is returned to the array. This continues until there is a clear hierarchy of preferred items.

Multiple Stimulus WITHOUT Replacement

A client is presented with an array of items and is prompted to choose one. Once the client has chosen, this item is NOT returned to the array. This continues until there is only one item left.

Antecedent

What happens before a behavior takes place.

Behavior

The behavior the client is engaging in. This can be positive or negative.

Consequence

What happens immediately after a behavior takes place. Can include what the client did, what the RBT did, how the client responded, etc.

Discrete Trial Teaching (DTT)

A structured, RBT led type of therapy that involves running fast paced trials to teach a new set of skills.

Natural Environment Teaching (NET)

A client led form of therapy where the client is able to engage freely and the RBT occasionally prompts for the client to engage in learning trials. This often does not look/feel like learning to the client.

Task Analysis

The process of taking one skill and breaking it down into multiple smaller steps.

Chaining

The process of teaching a task analysis.

Forward Chaining

The process of teaching a new skill by teaching the client one step at a time, moving forward from 1-10. You do not move forward to teaching the next step until the previous one has been mastered.

Backwards Chaining

The process of teaching a new skill by teaching the client one step at a time, but in a backwards fashion (starting by teaching step 10, then 9, then 8, etc.). You do not move forward teaching the next step until the last step has been mastered.

Total Task Chaining

The process of teaching a client a new skill by teaching each step in the task analysis all at once - you will prompt fade with each step.

Shaping

The gradual process of teaching a skill through the use of approximations, prompting and reinforcement until the target behavior is achieved.

Discrimination Training

Teaching the difference between stimuli. This is often done by identifying the feature, function and class (What it is, what it does and what category it falls into).

Stimulus Control Transfer

The process of transferring the control of one stimuli to another.

Verbal Prompts

Verbal reminder that prompts a client to follow through with a given task demand.

Gestural Prompts

Using a gesture (i.e., pointing, nodding, looking at, etc.) to prompt a client to engage in a task.

Model Prompts

Showing a client exactly what you are requesting them to do by doing it yourself first.

Full Physical Prompting

Using full physical support to help a client complete a task. You may also hear this referred to as hand- over-hand.

Partial Physical Prompting

Using minimal physical assistance to help a client complete a task.

Antecedent Manipulation

Altering an environment before a behavior occurs in order to increase or decrease a target behavior.

Token Systems

A reward system used to increase a client’s motivation to engage in longer or more difficult tasks by giving smaller doses of reinforcement on a fixed/varied schedule.

Extinction

The process of removing reinforcement from a previously reinforced behavior with the intent to eliminate the behavior.

Differential Reinforcement of Alternate Behavior

The reinforcement of a positive, alternate behavior rather than a negative one.

Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior

The reinforcement of a behavior that cannot possibly be done at the same time as the targeted behavior.

Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior

The reinforcement of a behavior based on a given time interval. Also used when you are reinforcing any behavior EXCEPT for the targeted behavior.

Differential Reinforcement of Lower Rates of Behavior

A reinforcement procedure where the goal is to increase the time in between a behavior occurring, thus DECREASING the frequency of a behavior.

Differential Reinforcement of Higher Rates of Behavior

A reinforcement procedure where the goal is to decrease the time in between a behavior occurring, thus INCREASING the frequency of a behavior.

Positive Reinforcement

The addition of a positive stimuli to the environment. This is done to increase/maintain a behavior.

Non-Contingent Reinforcement

The process of reinforcement that is not given based on a specific behavior. It is a “just because.”

Positive Punishment

The addition of an unpleasant stimuli used to decrease a behavior.

Negative Reinforcement

The removal of a non- preferred stimuli from the environment. This is done to increase/maintain a behavior.

Negative Punishment

The removal of a pleasant stimuli in order to decrease a behavior.

Mand

A request for something that is desired.

Tact

Labeling what something is, what it does, etc. This is often based on the senses.

Intraverbal

A verbal behavior that is prompted by another verbal cue.

Listener Responding (LR)

The process in which a person listens, understands and responds to another person.

Echoic

The process in which one person repeats the same word(s)/sound(s) of another.

Fixed Ratio

A schedule of reinforcement where someone is given reinforcement after a SET NUMBER of responses.

Fixed Interval

A schedule of reinforcement where reinforcement is given after a SET amount of TIME has passed.

Varied Ratio

A schedule of reinforcement where the reinforcement is given after an AVERAGE NUMBER of RESPONSES.

Varied Interval

A schedule of reinforcement where reinforcement is given after an AVERAGE amount of TIME has passed.

Attention

A function of behavior that states the reason for a behavior occurring is because the person is desiring the attention of someone else.

Escape

A function of behavior that states the reason for a behavior is done with the intent to avoid an aversive stimuli/task/environment.

Sensory

A function of behavior that states that the reason a behavior is occurring is in order for a person to obtain a sensory input/output.

Tangible

A function of behavior that states the reason for a behavior occurring is due to the person wanting access to a specific item.