Equality, Justice and Equity

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50 Terms

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Equality
Sameness in some respect such as human dignity.
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Justice
Different types, but generally fairness.
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Equity
Application of fairness, which may require unequal treatment.
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Distributive justice
Ensuring that each person receives a fair share of public resources.
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Procedural justice
Ensuring a fair process for making decisions and settling disputes.
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Retributive justice
Ensuring punishment of wrongdoers.
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Restorative justice
Attempting to repair harm done in the past.
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Social justice
Combination of previous types as applied to a society where individuals and groups receive fair treatment and a just share of the benefits.
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Authoritarian distributive justice
What the King or other highest authority decrees is just.
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Libertarian distributive justice
What an individual decides to do with their own property is just.
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Utilitarian distributive justice
What most contributes to the greatest good of the greatest number is just.
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Egalitarian distributive justice
Justice is achieved when everybody has equitable access to societal resources they need.
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Restorative distributive justice
Justice requires favoring previously disadvantaged individuals or groups.
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Health care systems
Different approaches to justice found around the world.
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Libertarian health care system
Strong in the U.S.A.
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Egalitarian health care system
Predominant in many European countries.
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Restorative health care system
South Africa's attempt to implement.
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Utilitarian health care system
Preferred by most economists.
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Constitution of the World Health Organization
States the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health as a fundamental right.
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International statements on human rights
Support the right to health and require signatory nations to secure its observance.
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Health disparities
Differences in health status among different groups of people.
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Local health disparities
Disparities within a specific locality.
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National health disparities
Disparities within a country.
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Global health disparities
Disparities across countries.
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Non-discrimination
Treating people fairly regardless of their class or category.
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Stigmatization
Process discrediting individuals considered 'abnormal' or 'deviant', leading to social discrimination and exclusion.
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Positive discrimination
Policies or acts benefiting historically non-dominant groups at the expense of historically dominant groups.
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Reverse discrimination
Policies or acts benefiting historically non-dominant groups at the expense of historically dominant groups (also known as affirmative action).
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Health care disparities
Differences in health care access and outcomes based on wealth, income, or discrimination.
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Protection of vulnerable groups
Certain groups such as infants, elderly people, and certain patients may need more protection in health care and bioethics.
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Disadvantages of medical technology
Advances in medical technology can create disadvantages for some social groups.
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Reproductive medicine
Techniques enabling parents to choose the sex of their child, raising concerns of discrimination against girls and women.
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Genetic testing
Tests for determining susceptibility to certain diseases, raising concerns of unfair use by insurance companies, employers, and government agencies.
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Genetic bases of behavior
Controversial research that could result in unfair discrimination against people judged to be genetically disposed to certain behaviors.
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Principles of the Declaration
The principles in the Declaration work together to promote human rights and justice.
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Limits on principles
Laws for safety, crime, health, and rights may place limits on the application of principles.
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Human rights rules
Laws must follow human rights rules when treating people differently for health reasons.
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Open and lawful treatment
Different treatment for health reasons must be done openly and in accordance with the country's laws.
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Equality
Sameness in some respect such as human dignity.
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Justice
Different types, but generally fairness.
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Equity
Application of fairness, which may require unequal treatment.
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Distributive justice
Ensuring that each person receives a fair share of public resources.
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Procedural justice
Ensuring a fair process for making decisions and settling disputes.
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Retributive justice
Ensuring punishment of wrongdoers.
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Restorative justice
Attempting to repair harm done in the past.
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Social justice
Combination of previous types as applied to a society where individuals and groups receive fair treatment and a just share of the benefits.
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Authoritarian distributive justice
What the King or other highest authority decrees is just.
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Libertarian distributive justice
What an individual decides to do with their own property is just.
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Utilitarian distributive justice
What most contributes to the greatest good of the greatest number is just.
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Egalitarian distributive justice
Justice is achieved when everybody has equitable access to societal resources they need.