Lab 7: Animal Diversity 3

In the blastopore of a protostome, what forms first?

Mouth

In the blastopore of a deuterostome, what forms first?

Anus

What are the protostomes?

Arthropods, Mollusks, Annelids (Segmented Worms), Nematodes (Roundworms), Platyhelminthes (Flatworms)

What are the deuterostomes?

Chordata (vertebrates/tunicates), Echinodermata (starfish/urchins)

What type of symmetry do echinoderms have?

Pentaradial symmetry (only in echinoderms)

What gives sea cucumbers their symmetry?

Their dots

What kind of symmetry do these have?

Pentaradial symmetry

What kind of symmetry do these have?

Pentaradial symmetry

What do all echinoderms share in common?

They all have a water vascular system

What are all of these spiky things on the top of this starfish?

Spines

What is the thing circled on the top of this starfish? What is its function?

Madreporite/sieve plate; it is a smooth bump where water enters to go to the vascular system

What is circled on the bottom of this starfish?

Mouth

What are all of these frilly things on the bottom of this starfish?

Tubed feet

What are the characteristics of chordata (birds, fish, mammals)?

Notochord (flexible support rod), dorsal nerve cord, pharyngeal slits (gill openings), and a post-anal tail

What are these?

Lancelets (cephalochordates)

What are these? What do they have? What do those things do?

Tunicates (Urochordates); Siphons; Filter feeding, respiration, and waste removal

What are these? Are these adult or juvenile?

Tunicates (Urochordates); Adult

What are these? Are these adult or juvenile?

Tunicates (Urochordates); Juvenile (larvae)

What classes are under subphylum Vertebrata?

Jawless Vertebrates (Cyclostomes/Agnatha), Cartilaginous Fish w/ Jaws (Gnathostomes), Bony Fishes, Amphibians, Reptiles, Mammals, Birds

What does agnatha mean? What does cyclostome mean?

Jawless vertebrate; The same thing (jawless vertebrate)

Do lamprey lack a vertebrate?

No, they have a rudimentary segmented backbone and a vertebral column

What does myxini mean?

Slime

What does myzon mean?

Sucker (like sucking on stone to go up waterfalls)

What is this? Does it have a jaw?

Lamprey (Class Pretromyzontia); No

What is this? Does it have a jaw?

Hagfish aka the Stone Sucker (Class Myxini); No

What does gnath mean? What does stome mean?

Gnath = jaw; Stome = mouth

What is this?

Shark jaw (jaw mouth/gnathostome)

What animals fall under cartilaginous fishes?

Sharks and rays

What is this exoskeleton made of?

Cartilage

What does actino mean? What does pterygii mean?

Actino = rods

Pterygii = fins

What are the three classes of amphibians?

Anura, salamanders, caecillians

What class are these in?

Amphibia

What is this? (sorry for the bad pic)

Caecilian

What animals fall under reptilia?

Turtles, lizards, snakes, alligators, crocodile (and birds but they were previously classified in the Class Aves)

How many chambers does a reptile’s heart have?

3 or 4

Do reptiles lay eggs or give live birth?

Both

What animals have 3 chambers in their heart?

Turtles, Rhyncocephalia (tuatara), lizards, and snakes

What animals have 4 chambers in their heart?

Crocodiles, dinosaurs (believed to have 4), birds, and mammals

What are the 3 major groups of mammals?

Monotremes, marsupials, eutherians

Give examples of monotremes.

Platypuses and echnidas

Give examples of marsupials.

Kangaroos, wallabies, sugar gliders, opossums, and koalas.

Give examples of eutherians.

Humans, dogs, elephants, armadillos, whales, and bats

What does marsupium mean?

Pouch

Describe what happens with marsupial babies after they are born.

They are born super early and undeveloped in a separate opening. They are born with a snout and forelimbs. They use these to find the marsupium. Then, they develop in the marsupium. They have no hooves or fins.

What does cloaca mean? What does monotreme mean?

Cloaca = opening (the translation means sewer)

Mono = one; treme = opening

When monotreme females reproduce, they lay __________.

eggs with shells

Which class of mammals is the most diverse + widespread?

Eutherians

Describe eutherians.

Give live birth, no cloaca, babies are born well developed, have a placenta (nourishes baby with nutrients/what it needs to develop while in womb)

What is this?

Skeleton of an opossum