Drugs and Substance Use Disorder

Flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture on Drugs and Substance Use Disorder, including definitions, drug mechanisms, and tolerance.

A chemical substance that produces a biological effect when ingested is called a __.

drug

__ refers to the ability of a drug to produce a desired therapeutic effect while minimizing unwanted side effects.

Therapeutic index

Routes of administration include oral (PO), intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and __.

subcutaneous (SC)

__ is the process by which the body adapts to a drug, resulting in decreased response to its effects.

Tolerance

The __ hypothesis suggests that dopamine release is crucial in the reward pathway associated with substance use.

DA

Positive and negative reinforcement can both influence drug-seeking behavior by affecting __ pathways in the brain.

dopaminergic

__ tolerance occurs when tolerance to one drug influences the response to another drug.

Cross-tolerance

Substance Use Disorder (SUD) is defined as a __ engagement in behavior despite knowledge of harmful consequences.

compulsive

Withdrawal symptoms from benzodiazepines may include sedation, palpitations, and __.

anxiety

The __ of a drug is determined by the relationship between the effective dose and the toxic dose.

therapeutic index