Bureaucracy and Executive Branch Overview

These flashcards cover the key concepts regarding bureaucracy, its structure, functions, and its relationship with the executive branch and Congress.

What are the four characteristics of a bureaucracy?

Hierarchy, specialization and division of labor, standardized operating procedures (SOP), and merit/expertise.

What does 'red tape' refer to in a bureaucracy?

Red tape refers to procedures and regulations that can slow down processes within bureaucracies.

What does the term 'discretionary authority' mean in the context of bureaucracy?

Discretionary authority refers to the power given to bureaucratic agencies to make choices in interpreting laws and how to enforce them.

What is the difference between the spoils system and the merit system?

The spoils system allowed for appointing favorites to government positions regardless of qualifications, while the merit system requires that selections are based on qualifications and performance.

What two laws aimed to reduce political influence in the bureaucracy?

The Hatch Act and the Civil Service Reform Act.

What is the role of the Office of Personnel Management (OPM)?

The OPM ensures that hires in the bureaucracy meet minimum qualifications and that promotions are based on performance.

What is the difference between an independent agency and a regulatory agency?

Independent agencies provide services without a regulatory component, while regulatory agencies can create rules and enforce penalties related to specific areas.

How does Congress exercise authority over the bureaucracy?

Congress exercises authority through the power to write legislation, confirm nominees, and control budgetary allocations.

What is an iron triangle in the context of bureaucracy?

An iron triangle is a stable relationship involving one interest group, one congressional committee, and one bureaucratic agency working together on a specific issue.

What is an issue network?

An issue network is a more fluid relationship involving various interest groups, congressional committees, and bureaucratic agencies that can change over time depending on the issue.