MCQs

The scientific attempt to explain how the thoughts, feelings and behaviours of individuals are influenced by the actual, implied or imagined presence of others is called?

Social Psychology 

Which of the following did Triplett (1898) report as an explanation for the children who performed faster when in a pair?

Arousal of competitive instincts 

In their review, Shrauger and Schoeneman (1962) found that:

People saw themselves as how they thought others saw them

Which of the following is not a key element of Self-Discrepancy Theory?

Private Self

Higgins et al (1986) reported an increase in which of the following after participants discussed their obligations?

Dejection

Taking on new information is an example of which aspect of Piagetian theory?

Assimilation

Which of the following do children in the pre-operational stage NOT do?

Think conceptually 

Focusing on 1 aspect pf a situation to the exclusion of others is know as…

Centration

A child solving problem under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers is key to an approach to learning devised by which psychologist?

Vygotsky 

Which of Bruner’s 5 aspects of scaffolding is the final stage?

Demonstration

Which of these is joint construction of learning?

Collaborative learning

Which theorist stated that children act as ‘little scientists’?

Piaget

The amount of support given to a learner by a more knowledgeable other can be defined as…

Scaffolding

Which of the following behaviours fit into Piaget’s stage 3 (concrete operational stage)…

Centration has gone, form ideas upon reasoning, thinking is limited to familiar events and objects, can conserve

Piaget’s theory emphasises the role of ____ in cognitive development

Individual exploration

According to Piaget, during which stage do children develop the ability to think abstractly?

Formal operational

What is the definition of ‘Reduction of Degrees of Freedom’ from Bruner’s scaffolding in practice?

Giving hints when a child makes a mistake rather than immediately giving them the answer

Which of the following is NOT one of the 5 steps in Wood et al’s scaffolding process?

Think-pair-share 

Bruner expanded and tested the ideas of which other psychologist?

Vygotsky

Which of the following is a key difference between Piaget’s theory and Vygotsky and Bruner’s theories?

Piaget's theory focuses on individual cognitive development, while Vygotsky and Bruner emphasize the role of social interaction and culture

According to Vygotsky what is the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)?

The difference between a child's actual and potential developmental levels

When Vygotsky devised his theory on socio-cultural theory of development, why was his work not initially impactful?

Censorship in the Soviet Union

What stage includes decentration?

Concrete operational stage

Which psychologist took into account cultural factors in children’s cognitive development?

Vygotsky

What is not part of scaffolding?

Spatial cognition

How did Piaget’s theory develop?

He noticed children's thinking was different to adults, but children of similar age make similar mistakes- so proposed cognitive development in stages

Which of the following is not thought to be related to the development of attachments?

Stereotyping

Schaffer and Emerson found that 87% of children had +1 attachment figure by which age?

18 months

Which of the following is not a criticism of Ainsworth’s Strange Situation?

Failure to consider child gender

Which of the following is an example of secure attachment behaviour?

Proximity to caregiver

The disorganised attachment classification is most commonly identified in which group of infants?

Abused/maltreated infants

At what age was Genie found?

13

What was Genie unable to do, even after being rehabilitated?

Develop language skills

Which is not a group within Tizard et al study on the role of environmental factors in deprivation?

Fostered 2-8 years

Name the attachment type that is not part of Ainsworth’s strange situation

Discombobulated attachment

What was the percentage of ambivalent attachment in Japan?

35%

What’s another name for anxious attachment?

Ambivalent

Which of the following is not one of Bowlby’s phases of attachment?

Relational discrimination

What skills did the twins have when they were found in Koluvhova 1972 case study?

Ability to stand