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What are the 3 different fluid compartments water is found in?
Intracellular, and Extracellular Plasma & Interstitial
What is the movement of water particles along a concentration gradient?
Diffusion
What is the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane?
Osmosis
Urine specific gravity compares the weights of?
Urine to water
The effect that the osmotic pressure within a solution exerts on cell size because of water across the cell membrane
Tonicity
What are the three types of Tonicity?
Isotonic, Hypotonic, and Hypertonic
What type of intravenous fluid has the same tonicity as blood, is 0.9% NaCI, and the cells don’t shrink or swell.
Isotonic
What type of intravenous fluid has less tonicity than blood, is 0.45% NaCI, and water moves into the cells and cells swell?
Hypotonic
What type of intravenous fluid has greater tonicity than blood, is 3% NaCI , and water is pulled out of the cells and cells shrink?
Hypertonic
The number of Osmoles of solute per liter of solution dependent on the number of particles suspended in a solution is?
Osmolarity
In osmolarity, osmoreceptors, sensation of thirst, RAAS, ADH, and natriuretic hormones do what?
Maintain fluid status
Palpable swelling produced by expansion of interstitial fluid volume?
Edema
What is generalized body edema?
Anasarca
T or F: Can edema be localized or generalized (throughout the body)?
True
In what type of Edema does fluid collect in lower parts of the body (like legs or feet, for those who sit or stand too long)
Dependent Edema
In what type of Edema does fluid move into spaces where it shouldn’t be like the peritoneum or the pleural cavity?
Third space Edema
What type of pressure is when the pressure in the blood vessel is too high, more fluid leaks into the tissues?
Increase capillary filtration pressure
What type of pressure is when fluid stays in the tissue because of low amounts of protein that would pull the fluid back in?
Decreased Capillary Osmotic Pressure
When blood vessels become leaky and fluid escapes into the tissues this is called?
Increased Capillary Permeability
When fluid accumulates due to a blocked lymphatic system being unable to drain excess fluid it is called?
Obstruction of Lymphatic Flow
What is the smallest of plasma protein?
Albumin
What is the term for low albumin?
hypoalbuminemia
Hypoalbuminemia causes what to occur in the bloodstream leading to Edema?
Low oncotic pressure
What does albumin do?
Pulls water into your blood vessels to maintain oncotic/colloidal osmotic pressure.
1.8 mg/dL, low level of magnesium in the blood
Hypomagnesemia
> 3.0 mg/dL, high level of magnesium in the blood
Hypermagnesemia
> 4.5 mg/dL, high level of phosphate in the blood
Hyperphosphatemia
< 2.5 mg/dL, low level of phosphate in the blood
Hypophosphatemia
< 8.5 mg/dL, low level of calcium in the blood
Hypocalcemia
> 10.5 mg//dL, high level of calcium in the blood
Hypercalcemia
What facilitates the absorption of calcium?
Vitamin D
An increase in calcium in the blood means a
decrease of phosphate
A decrease of calcium in the blood means a
increase of phosphate
Hyperkalemia is associated with
Metabolic Acidosis
Hypokalemia is associated with
Metabolic Alkalosis
For Hypokalemia what does the ECG look like?
Depression of ST segment, U wave
Excessive water loss due to high concentration of sodium in the blood
Hypernatremia
Decreased serum sodium with increased ECF volume
Hypervolemic hyponatremia
decreased serum sodium with decreased ECF volume
Hypovolemic hypotonic hyponatremia
decreased serum sodium with normal ECF
Normovolemic hyponatremia
