Concept 32.2: The endocrine and nervous system act individually and together in regulating animal physiology

_______ and ______ systems must work together for effective functioning.

Tissue, organ

What do signals do to ensure proper function?

Coordinate activity and move within the body

What are the two major systems for coordinating responses to stimuli?

• Endocrine system

• Nervous system

Endocrine system:

1) Signaling molecules called _________ are released into the bloodstream by _______ cells.

2) _________ are carried to _________ in the body.

3) Only cells with _______ receptors for a hormone will respond.

4) _______ can have effects in single or multiple locations.

5) Hormones are often long-lasting because they remain in the _________ for minutes or hours.

1) molecules, endocrine

2) Hormones, all locations

3) specific

4) Hormones

5) Bloodstream

Nervous system

1) Neurons transmit signals called _________ along dedicated routes (____) to specific target cells.

2) Nerve impulses can act on _____, ______ cells, and ______ cells.

3) Information is conveyed by the specific _____ the signal takes.

4) _______ involves electrical signals (nerve impulses) and short-range chemical signals.

5) _______ travel extremely fast; lasts only briefly.

1) nerve impulses, axons

2) Neurons, muscle, secretory

3) pathway

4) Transmission

5) Nerve impulses

Compare the endocrine and nerve system in terms of the signal type, transmission, speed, and duration.

Endocrine

• Signal type: Hormones

• Transmission: Bloodstream

• Speed: Slow

• Duration: Long-lasting

Nerve

• Signal type: Nerve impulses

• Transmission: Axon

• Speed: Fast

• Duration: Short-lived

What is the endocrine system suited for?

Suited for gradual changes affecting the entire body (eg., growth, development, reproduction, metabolism, digestion)

What is the nervous system suited for?

Suited for immediate and rapid responses to the environment (e.g., reflexes, rapid movements)

What are endocrine glands?

Ductless organs that secrete hormones directly into the surrounding fluid, which then enter the circulatory system

Where else can endocrine cells be found?

Other organs, such as the stomach, which contains cells that secrete gastric to regulate digestion

What are neuroendocrine cells?

Specialized neurons that secrete hormones